Selected provisional master

M31 - Andromeda Galaxy

RGB · 4 observing sessions in the archive

RGB · 11 h 11 min · 272 Lights

Object
Spiral galaxy · Andromeda
Distance · estimate
About 2.5 million light-years
Earliest known written report
964 · Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi
Sources & history notes
M31 - Andromeda Galaxy
Full-resolution image
114 Gaia-distance-guided stars · amplified camera flight.Illustrative effect · not a physical depth measurement.
Field guide · M 31 · M 32 · M 110 · NGC 206

Catalogue positions on this exact selected master image.

Open full-resolution field image

M 31 · Catalogue nucleus · Catalogue reference positionM 31M 32 · Galaxy · Catalogue reference positionM 32M 110 · Galaxy · Catalogue reference positionM 110NGC 206 · Stellar association · Approximate catalogue positionNGC 206
  • Catalogue nucleus SIMBADCatalogue reference position
  • Galaxy SIMBADCatalogue reference position
  • Galaxy SIMBADCatalogue reference position
  • Stellar association SIMBADApproximate catalogue position

Catalogue information from SIMBAD/CDS. Labels are reference positions, not new detections or measured object boundaries.

Position checks and catalogue provenance

495 saved star coordinates reproduced. Reproduction of a previously validated mapping; not an independent solve or new positional measurement. Existing reference residual (95%): 1.59 pixels. This is not a precision estimate for diffuse-object centres.

Markers denote catalogue reference positions, not measured detections, extents or abundances. Diffuse objects can have approximate catalogue positions; centre-outside does not mean all emission is outside. WCS header FK5; inherited empirical Gaia/ICRS numerical convention retained after refinement. Inspection zoom windows are viewing aids, not physical object boundaries.

Catalogue retrieved 2026-10-27T08:39:28.725664+00:00. 1f329409782a0ee6877faf92fd9fdb9b83b6267b682860098709c73f2c3413a0

Available results · 4 / 5 modules

Each module is checked separately. An unavailable module does not invalidate the saved master; a complete list is not scientific certification.

All inputs of the selected provisional master · RGB · 272 Lights · 11 h 11 min. Whole-archive comparison below; matched acquisition settings remain in the details.

Selected input exposures

Image quality at a glance

Selected inputs against your whole archive · RGB and DNB remain separate.

RGB · all contributing sessions

Star width / FWHM
2.84 sensor pixels
Current archive average3.00 sensor pixels
Difference -0.16
272/272 selected · archive 865/865 exposures · 11 sessions · 8 objects
Star shape / eccentricity
0.49 dimensionless
Current archive average0.45 dimensionless
Difference +0.04
272/272 selected · archive 865/865 exposures · 11 sessions · 8 objects
Background
813.62 ADU
Current archive average749.61 ADU
Difference +64.01
272/272 selected · archive 865/865 exposures · 11 sessions · 8 objects
Background scatter
44.36 ADU
Current archive average34.26 ADU
Difference +10.10
272/272 selected · archive 865/865 exposures · 11 sessions · 8 objects
Stellar model SNR
142.86 dimensionless
Current archive average138.73 dimensionless
Difference +4.13
272/272 selected · archive 865/865 exposures · 11 sessions · 8 objects
Stellar model estimate · different fields
Star width / FWHM
Selected exposure values · whole-archive RGB mean · physical sessions separated.
Star shape / eccentricity
Star shape / eccentricity
Selected exposure values · whole-archive RGB mean · physical sessions separated.
Background
Background
Selected exposure values · whole-archive RGB mean · physical sessions separated.
Background scatter
Background scatter
Selected exposure values · whole-archive RGB mean · physical sessions separated.
Stellar model SNR
Stellar model SNR
Selected exposure values · whole-archive RGB mean · physical sessions separated.
How this archive average is calculated

Each unique original exposure contributes once per valid saved metric. Arithmetic mean across all objects; RGB and DNB separate. Missing or invalid values are excluded, never zero. This descriptive reference includes the selected exposures and later nights.

Exposure, camera settings, field brightness, sampling and stellar populations may differ. Background and stellar model SNR are not normalized measures of sky quality, master SNR or detection sensitivity. A difference is not a grade.

Stored per-frame medians of stellar fits are averaged; stars are not pooled. SNR requires a positive recorded effective gain and at least five stellar estimates. Units remain separate. Unknown method versions are recorded, not invented. Small, undersampled stars may bias shape measurements.

Archive version ab3717b4ec376ea87d5261c94fe6dbbd42a97237e09422490b5844921d286006

Matched acquisition settings · original session-weighted comparison

Selected input exposures

Image quality at a glance

Measurements of the selected input exposures, not the finished master.

RGB · 180.0 s · 88 Lights

Acquisition settings & contributing sessions

180.0 s · Gain 100.0 · Archive snapshot 2026-11-09T03:24:34.927460+00:00

Recorded focal length: 611.0 mm · separate header/settings cohorts, not additional observing sessions.

Acquisition · 2026-10-16–2026-10-17 · recorded DATE-OBS

Execution version was not saved: this comparison is limited to the same observing session.

Star width (FWHM)
2.74 sensor pixels
Current archive average2.75 sensor pixels
Difference -0.02 sensor pixels
88/88 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Star shape
0.50 dimensionless
Current archive average0.51 dimensionless
Difference -0.00 dimensionless
88/88 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Eccentricity of stellar model fits
Background
734.02 ADU
Current archive average733.80 ADU
Difference +0.22 ADU
88/88 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Background scatter
43.22 ADU
Current archive average43.21 ADU
Difference +0.01 ADU
88/88 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Stellar SNR
130.60 dimensionless
Current archive average130.10 dimensionless
Difference +0.50 dimensionless
88/88 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Model estimate · same target field
Star width (FWHM) over time
Star width (FWHM) · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.
Star shape · Trend
Star shape over time
Star shape · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.
Background · Trend
Background over time
Background · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.
Background scatter · Trend
Background scatter over time
Background scatter · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.
Stellar SNR · Trend
Stellar SNR over time
Stellar SNR · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.

RGB · 300.0 s · 13 Lights

Acquisition settings & contributing sessions

300.0 s · Gain 100.0 · Archive snapshot 2026-11-09T03:24:34.927460+00:00

Recorded focal length: 611.0 mm · separate header/settings cohorts, not additional observing sessions.

Acquisition · 2026-10-16 · recorded DATE-OBS

Execution version was not saved: this comparison is limited to the same observing session.

Star width (FWHM)
2.71 sensor pixels
Current archive average2.71 sensor pixels
Difference 0.00 sensor pixels
13/13 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Star shape
0.43 dimensionless
Current archive average0.43 dimensionless
Difference 0.00 dimensionless
13/13 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Eccentricity of stellar model fits
Background
1,091.85 ADU
Current archive average1,091.85 ADU
Difference 0.00 ADU
13/13 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Background scatter
68.59 ADU
Current archive average68.59 ADU
Difference 0.00 ADU
13/13 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Stellar SNR
150.72 dimensionless
Current archive average150.72 dimensionless
Difference 0.00 dimensionless
13/13 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Model estimate · same target field
Star width (FWHM) over time
Star width (FWHM) · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.
Star shape · Trend
Star shape over time
Star shape · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.
Background · Trend
Background over time
Background · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.
Background scatter · Trend
Background scatter over time
Background scatter · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.
Stellar SNR · Trend
Stellar SNR over time
Stellar SNR · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.

RGB · 120.0 s · 78 Lights

Acquisition settings & contributing sessions

120.0 s · Gain 100.0 · Archive snapshot 2026-11-09T03:24:34.927460+00:00

Recorded focal length: 611.0 mm · separate header/settings cohorts, not additional observing sessions.

Acquisition · 2026-10-18–2026-10-19 · recorded DATE-OBS

Execution version was not saved: this comparison is limited to the same observing session.

Star width (FWHM)
2.97 sensor pixels
Current archive average3.04 sensor pixels
Difference -0.07 sensor pixels
78/78 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Star shape
0.54 dimensionless
Current archive average0.55 dimensionless
Difference -0.02 dimensionless
78/78 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Eccentricity of stellar model fits
Background
788.22 ADU
Current archive average789.18 ADU
Difference -0.96 ADU
78/78 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Background scatter
41.10 ADU
Current archive average41.15 ADU
Difference -0.05 ADU
78/78 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Stellar SNR
131.91 dimensionless
Current archive average132.63 dimensionless
Difference -0.72 dimensionless
78/78 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Model estimate · same target field
Star width (FWHM) over time
Star width (FWHM) · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.
Star shape · Trend
Star shape over time
Star shape · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.
Background · Trend
Background over time
Background · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.
Background scatter · Trend
Background scatter over time
Background scatter · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.
Stellar SNR · Trend
Stellar SNR over time
Stellar SNR · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.

RGB · 120.0 s · 93 Lights

Acquisition settings & contributing sessions

120.0 s · Gain 100.0 · Archive snapshot 2026-11-09T03:24:34.927460+00:00

Recorded focal length: 612.0 mm · separate header/settings cohorts, not additional observing sessions.

Acquisition · 2026-10-18 · recorded DATE-OBS

Execution version was not saved: this comparison is limited to the same observing session.

Star width (FWHM)
2.86 sensor pixels
Current archive average2.86 sensor pixels
Difference 0.00 sensor pixels
93/93 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Star shape
0.44 dimensionless
Current archive average0.44 dimensionless
Difference 0.00 dimensionless
93/93 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Eccentricity of stellar model fits
Background
871.35 ADU
Current archive average871.35 ADU
Difference 0.00 ADU
93/93 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Background scatter
44.77 ADU
Current archive average44.77 ADU
Difference 0.00 ADU
93/93 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Stellar SNR
162.56 dimensionless
Current archive average162.56 dimensionless
Difference 0.00 dimensionless
93/93 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Model estimate · same target field
Star width (FWHM) over time
Star width (FWHM) · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.
Star shape · Trend
Star shape over time
Star shape · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.
Background · Trend
Background over time
Background · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.
Background scatter · Trend
Background scatter over time
Background scatter · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.
Stellar SNR · Trend
Stellar SNR over time
Stellar SNR · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.

Provisional star fits · stellar SNR is a model estimate, not master SNR.

Reading these values

Provisional stellar models: undersampled stars can bias the measurements. Differences are not quality grades. Stellar SNR is not nebular or master-image SNR.

What the new exposures add

A reliable improvement has not been established. The previous selected image is retained.

381 → 422 unique Lights · 12 h 05 min 30 s → 14 h 08 min 30 s

Relative noise/SNR proxy · R / G / B
1.060× / 1.074× / 1.047×
Median stellar-width ratio · new / prior
1.029

64 matched stars out of 64 prior-master comparison stars · 975 common low-intensity regions.

Comparison method and limits

The same valid image area, stellar brightness scale and saved linear data are compared. The comparison stars are selected using the prior master only; missing or unmeasurable counterparts count against coverage and are not replaced. A noise/SNR proxy above 1 indicates less fine-scale background texture at matched stellar flux. It is not an absolute master SNR. Stellar width is checked for degradation; it is not a measurement of optical resolution. These masters share exposures, so no independent-sample significance is claimed. Gradients and correlated noise can still affect this engineering check.

A newer qualified finished master is not yet available. The previous selected master is retained.

Master scope and display correction

Full-project master · all included exposure classes and observing sessions

Display-only correction at scientifically unqualified locations; no recovered HDR or new measurements.

Fallback patches remain scientifically unqualified; this is not new HDR information.; Session 1 delayed/reconstructed Flats retain their provisional imaging approval.; Approximate gray-star display color balance, not spectrophotometric color calibration.; No spatial gradient fit, synthetic stars, neural enhancement, sharpening, or altered field geometry.

Previously selected image · retained
Previously selected image
Preview image · up to 2560 px

RGB · 2 h 03 min · 41 Lights

The combined project contains 422 unique Lights · 14 h 08 min 30 s. Its separate diagnostic does not replace your selected image.

Observing sessions

More exposure time · conditional SNR planning

Planning · model estimate

What would more exposure time bring?

Based on the actual inputs of this selected master. RGB and DNB are modelled separately.

Current relative SNR = 1.00×. This is a reference level, not a measured master SNR. There is no universal “good” SNR target: it depends on the feature, aperture or region, noise definition and intended use.

RGB

11 h 11 min · 272 selected Lights. Sub-exposures: 120 s, 180 s, 300 s

1.00×1.50×2.00×SNR / current SNR · conditional modelNow0.0 h11.2 h22.4 h33.5 hAdditional integration · same mode

One more comparable hour: about 4.4% higher SNR relative to now. Each following hour adds less relative benefit; it does not become useless.

Examples, not recommended thresholds
Relative SNR goalAdditional timeTotal time
1.25×6 h 17 min 26 s17 h 28 min 26 s
1.50×13 h 58 min 45 s25 h 09 min 45 s
2.00×33 h 33 min44 h 44 min

Detail visibility is not angular resolution. More integration can reveal fainter structures. Seeing, optics, sampling, focus and guiding limit sharpness; this curve does not predict smaller or rounder stars.

Model assumptions and exact scope

Same target region, filter, camera, sub-exposure mix, throughput and sky conditions; independent random noise and comparable stacking weights. Fixed-pattern noise, calibration errors, gradients, correlated noise, changing conditions and rejected data can reduce the realised gain. Total exposure is not an effective per-pixel weight or an HDR-core coverage map.

Relative SNR = √((current time + additional time) / current time). Required extra time = current time × (goal² − 1). No numerical floor or absolute master SNR has been fitted; no per-frame star-SNR median is substituted.

Time means usable integration in the stack, excluding overheads, rejected frames and nights with unsuitable conditions. The curve is a planning scenario, not a measured progress history.

Signal and noise · Siril documentation

Explore stars in the image

Selected full-project master · catalogue reference session · RGB · 2026-10-16

Gaia DR3 catalogue stars in this field. These markers do not establish that a star belongs to the photographed galaxy.

495 verified identities; 12 spatially distributed highlights. Query: G < 16, at most 5000 sources; fainter neighbours may be absent.

Farb-Helligkeits-Diagramm · Gaia G / BP−RP

Scheinbare Kataloghelligkeit, kein HR-Diagramm; Staub und Distance wirken mit.

G (mag)BP−RP (mag)
Identity, data and limitations

Holdout residual: median 0.6118457833188545 px; 95 % 0.9257004383992291 px. G<16; fainter neighbours may be absent. Historical solver training set is unknown.

Fixed reference-crop coordinates, checked against the linear master and the exact selected display; no fitted correction. Display-position residual: median 0.5116178671915935 px; 95% 0.7711670875065304 px.

Gaia DR3 stars in this field; membership in the photographed galaxy is not established. No new WCS solution, photometry or spectrum extracted from this display. Cosmetic/unqualified pixels, cropped-out and failed positions are excluded. Own light curves refer to the named reference session and exact Gaia ID.

Temperature, mass and radius are catalogue model estimates, not stellar parameters measured from this photograph.

Exact catalogue values and geometry

Science & measurements

Experimental photometry · no confirmed transit. 6 unresolved technical review items.

Histograms, light curves & event evidence

Intensity histograms

RGB · 272/272 original exposures measured.

RGB · Raw pixel values

ADU · decoded digital value · Pixel count per bin; not a wavelength spectrum.

-0.56.554e+041.529e+09BG1G2R

All saved bins, including negative values.

Exact counts and measured valuesWerte und Darstellungsbins · Complete unchanged bins (NPZ)

Histogram of this display product is unavailable.

Events · technical review

Searched · technical review pending

6 unresolved technical review items · 46 Gaia IDs searched · 8688 tested windows. Windows are not independent events.

No confirmed transit. Short artifact clusters and time-correlated errors can pass this screening. Real periodic search: insufficient coverage; no globally calibrated false-alarm probability is available.

Saved event evidenceTest windows, supporting exposures and limitations

Gaia 381220030180351360 · 7.51 % relative depth · 15 min · cause unresolved.

Gaia 369193980014906752 · 15.02 % relative depth · 15 min · cause unresolved.

Gaia 381289329476254720 · 17.78 % relative depth · 15 min · cause unresolved.

Gaia 369222193658888320 · 9.72 % relative depth · 15 min · cause unresolved.

Gaia 369127395139218560 · 6.92 % relative depth · 60 min · cause unresolved.

Gaia 375307715639087616 · 19.74 % relative depth · 15 min · cause unresolved.

Photometry precision and sampling · experimental

Photometry & transit readiness

Individual native exposures, independent of the final display/HDR image. Conditional measurement errors include the comparison ensemble; shared systematics remain outside that model.

M31 — Andromeda Galaxy · RGB · 300 s · 13 frames

measured diagnostics · 13 timed frames; 0 timing exclusions.

Separate segment 9c342b8e: 1.24 h span · 303.3 s median cadence · 87.6% exposure duty · 1 large gap(s); 0 overlapping recorded intervals (bins unavailable when present).

0.6181.3762.1332.890Robust scatter (%)12.713.3Gaia G magnitude (catalogue)

Brightness comparison is observational: sources share sky and calibration; points are not independent trials.

Gaia 381203189614455680 · G 12.69

13/13 valid epochs · robust scatter 0.90% · median conditional error 0.88%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9560.9821.0081.035Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential2.571.7Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 100–100% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.62% · 5 usable bins · 7 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 50–50% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 15 min: 0.81% · 4 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 300–600 s integrated, 33–67% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.32% · 2 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–5 exposures/bin, 300–1500 s integrated, 17–83% coverage.
Gaia 381184944593395968 · G 12.89

13/13 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.06% · median conditional error 0.95%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9660.9871.0081.029Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential2.571.7Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 100–100% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.46% · 5 usable bins · 7 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 50–50% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 15 min: 0.88% · 4 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 300–600 s integrated, 33–67% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.76% · 2 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–5 exposures/bin, 300–1500 s integrated, 17–83% coverage.
Gaia 381135986260425984 · G 13.02

13/13 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.73% · median conditional error 1.42%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9420.9831.0231.063Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential2.571.7Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 100–100% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 3.44% · 5 usable bins · 7 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 50–50% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 15 min: 2.33% · 4 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 300–600 s integrated, 33–67% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.17% · 2 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–5 exposures/bin, 300–1500 s integrated, 17–83% coverage.
Gaia 381214498262497920 · G 13.05

13/13 valid epochs · robust scatter 0.82% · median conditional error 1.12%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9410.9721.0041.035Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential2.571.7Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 100–100% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.82% · 5 usable bins · 7 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 50–50% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 15 min: 0.60% · 4 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 300–600 s integrated, 33–67% coverage.
  • 30 min: 1.06% · 2 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–5 exposures/bin, 300–1500 s integrated, 17–83% coverage.
Gaia 381141758696449280 · G 13.07

13/13 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.68% · median conditional error 0.89%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9610.9901.0201.049Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential2.571.7Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 100–100% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.68% · 5 usable bins · 7 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 50–50% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 15 min: 1.64% · 4 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 300–600 s integrated, 33–67% coverage.
  • 30 min: 1.39% · 2 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–5 exposures/bin, 300–1500 s integrated, 17–83% coverage.
Gaia 369243256178304128 · G 13.09

13/13 valid epochs · robust scatter 0.84% · median conditional error 0.88%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9680.9901.0111.033Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential2.571.7Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 100–100% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.00% · 5 usable bins · 7 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 50–50% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 15 min: 1.17% · 4 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 300–600 s integrated, 33–67% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.14% · 2 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–5 exposures/bin, 300–1500 s integrated, 17–83% coverage.
Gaia 381183333980030336 · G 13.14

13/13 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.53% · median conditional error 1.37%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9200.9731.0261.079Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential2.571.7Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 100–100% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 3.42% · 5 usable bins · 7 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 50–50% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 15 min: 1.11% · 4 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 300–600 s integrated, 33–67% coverage.
  • 30 min: 3.28% · 2 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–5 exposures/bin, 300–1500 s integrated, 17–83% coverage.
Gaia 369147255067950720 · G 13.16

13/13 valid epochs · robust scatter 0.77% · median conditional error 0.98%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9600.9901.0201.050Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential2.571.7Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 100–100% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.97% · 5 usable bins · 7 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 50–50% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 15 min: 1.27% · 4 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 300–600 s integrated, 33–67% coverage.
  • 30 min: 1.51% · 2 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–5 exposures/bin, 300–1500 s integrated, 17–83% coverage.
Gaia 369222193658888320 · G 13.16

13/13 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.21% · median conditional error 0.98%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9660.9911.0161.041Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential2.571.7Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 100–100% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.56% · 5 usable bins · 7 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 50–50% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 15 min: 0.29% · 4 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 300–600 s integrated, 33–67% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.78% · 2 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–5 exposures/bin, 300–1500 s integrated, 17–83% coverage.
Gaia 369127395139218560 · G 13.18

13/13 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.08% · median conditional error 1.38%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9610.9911.0201.050Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential2.571.7Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 100–100% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.08% · 5 usable bins · 7 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 50–50% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 15 min: 0.36% · 4 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 300–600 s integrated, 33–67% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.04% · 2 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–5 exposures/bin, 300–1500 s integrated, 17–83% coverage.
Gaia 375307715639087616 · G 13.24

13/13 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.08% · median conditional error 1.02%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.7100.8360.9611.087Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential2.571.7Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 100–100% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.68% · 5 usable bins · 7 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 50–50% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 15 min: 1.80% · 4 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 300–600 s integrated, 33–67% coverage.
  • 30 min: 10.32% · 2 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–5 exposures/bin, 300–1500 s integrated, 17–83% coverage.
Gaia 369291256732926336 · G 13.25

13/13 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.14% · median conditional error 1.17%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9690.9941.0181.043Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential2.571.7Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 100–100% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.25% · 5 usable bins · 7 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 50–50% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 15 min: 0.50% · 4 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 300–600 s integrated, 33–67% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.46% · 2 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–5 exposures/bin, 300–1500 s integrated, 17–83% coverage.
Gaia 381152272776336640 · G 13.26

13/13 valid epochs · robust scatter 0.86% · median conditional error 1.09%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9790.9961.0131.030Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential2.571.7Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 100–100% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.33% · 5 usable bins · 7 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 50–50% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 15 min: 0.27% · 4 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 300–600 s integrated, 33–67% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.75% · 2 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–5 exposures/bin, 300–1500 s integrated, 17–83% coverage.
Gaia 381165810513518720 · G 13.28

13/13 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.55% · median conditional error 1.09%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9670.9901.0121.034Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential2.571.7Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 100–100% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.68% · 5 usable bins · 7 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 50–50% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 15 min: 0.95% · 4 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 300–600 s integrated, 33–67% coverage.
  • 30 min: 1.25% · 2 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–5 exposures/bin, 300–1500 s integrated, 17–83% coverage.
Gaia 381173472735157120 · G 13.28

13/13 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.47% · median conditional error 1.17%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9670.9921.0171.042Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential2.571.7Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 100–100% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 2.68% · 5 usable bins · 7 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 50–50% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 15 min: 0.87% · 4 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 300–600 s integrated, 33–67% coverage.
  • 30 min: 1.32% · 2 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–5 exposures/bin, 300–1500 s integrated, 17–83% coverage.
Gaia 369252739466052352 · G 13.30

13/13 valid epochs · robust scatter 0.78% · median conditional error 1.27%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9570.9901.0231.056Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential2.571.7Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 100–100% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.47% · 5 usable bins · 7 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 50–50% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 15 min: 1.23% · 4 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 300–600 s integrated, 33–67% coverage.
  • 30 min: 1.53% · 2 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–5 exposures/bin, 300–1500 s integrated, 17–83% coverage.

Recommended next acquisition: characterize unsaturated stars with matched short-exposure Darks and same-session Flats, then keep one exposure/filter configuration through a dedicated known-host event and its before/after baseline. There is no real 60/120 s improvement demonstrated here.

Timing, uncertainty and applicability
  • Not calibrated standard magnitudes. Native G1+G2 response/Flat/pixel-phase and shared errors remain unbounded.
  • Recorded header start times support relative intervals; TIMESYS and clock accuracy are not established. No BJD_TDB.
  • References exclude each target but share sky/calibration systematics. Conditional errors hold median normalizations fixed.
  • No new search is run here. Existing event evidence and eligibility are retained; review scores are not calibrated false-alarm probabilities.
  • No new aperture is promoted. Mixed exposures, passbands, nights and calibration/angle segments stay separate.
M31 — Andromeda Galaxy · RGB · 180 s · 88 frames

measured diagnostics · 88 timed frames; 0 timing exclusions.

Separate segment 56de51e2: 2.41 h span · 183.3 s median cadence · 89.2% exposure duty · 2 large gap(s); 0 overlapping recorded intervals (bins unavailable when present).

Separate segment 54571c9d: 2.55 h span · 183.5 s median cadence · 88.2% exposure duty · 3 large gap(s); 0 overlapping recorded intervals (bins unavailable when present).

1.0251.5652.1062.646Robust scatter (%)13.013.3Gaia G magnitude (catalogue)

Brightness comparison is observational: sources share sky and calibration; points are not independent trials.

Gaia 369284419145014528 · G 12.95

43/43 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.64% · median conditional error 1.12%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9540.9911.0291.066Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.5143.1Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 0.89% · 18 usable bins · 25 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.39% · 13 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.29% · 8 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 360–720 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 2.01% · 5 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 6–9 exposures/bin, 1080–1620 s integrated, 60–90% coverage.
Gaia 381169005969155584 · G 13.07

43/43 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.87% · median conditional error 1.45%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.8880.9481.0071.067Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.5143.1Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.20% · 18 usable bins · 25 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.14% · 13 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.43% · 8 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 360–720 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 1.16% · 5 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 6–9 exposures/bin, 1080–1620 s integrated, 60–90% coverage.
Gaia 381191580317044992 · G 13.13

43/43 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.44% · median conditional error 1.02%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9610.9881.0151.042Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.5143.1Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.20% · 18 usable bins · 25 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.57% · 13 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.72% · 8 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 360–720 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.97% · 5 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 6–9 exposures/bin, 1080–1620 s integrated, 60–90% coverage.
Gaia 381183333980030336 · G 13.14

43/43 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.82% · median conditional error 1.58%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9340.9791.0241.069Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.5143.1Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 2.34% · 18 usable bins · 25 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.83% · 13 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.21% · 8 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 360–720 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.60% · 5 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 6–9 exposures/bin, 1080–1620 s integrated, 60–90% coverage.
Gaia 369222193658888320 · G 13.16

43/43 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.53% · median conditional error 1.16%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9630.9951.0271.059Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.5143.1Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.57% · 18 usable bins · 25 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.57% · 13 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.02% · 8 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 360–720 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.33% · 5 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 6–9 exposures/bin, 1080–1620 s integrated, 60–90% coverage.
Gaia 369152439091358592 · G 13.17

43/43 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.45% · median conditional error 1.17%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9440.9841.0231.062Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.5143.1Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 0.93% · 18 usable bins · 25 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.20% · 13 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.86% · 8 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 360–720 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.76% · 5 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 6–9 exposures/bin, 1080–1620 s integrated, 60–90% coverage.
Gaia 387312802066050432 · G 13.19

43/43 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.14% · median conditional error 1.20%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9600.9881.0151.042Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.5143.1Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.33% · 18 usable bins · 25 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.23% · 13 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.97% · 8 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 360–720 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.62% · 5 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 6–9 exposures/bin, 1080–1620 s integrated, 60–90% coverage.
Gaia 375287340314289664 · G 13.23

43/43 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.28% · median conditional error 1.12%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9540.9871.0201.053Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.5143.1Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 0.95% · 18 usable bins · 25 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.58% · 13 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.63% · 8 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 360–720 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.72% · 5 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 6–9 exposures/bin, 1080–1620 s integrated, 60–90% coverage.
Gaia 369291256732926336 · G 13.25

43/43 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.53% · median conditional error 1.34%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9520.9881.0251.061Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.5143.1Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.29% · 18 usable bins · 25 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.85% · 13 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.98% · 8 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 360–720 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.16% · 5 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 6–9 exposures/bin, 1080–1620 s integrated, 60–90% coverage.
Gaia 375237037657363456 · G 13.27

43/43 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.54% · median conditional error 1.13%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9560.9871.0171.048Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.5143.1Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 0.84% · 18 usable bins · 25 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.00% · 13 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.17% · 8 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 360–720 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.53% · 5 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 6–9 exposures/bin, 1080–1620 s integrated, 60–90% coverage.
Gaia 381173472735157120 · G 13.28

43/43 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.32% · median conditional error 1.36%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9510.9851.0191.053Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.5143.1Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.25% · 18 usable bins · 25 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.47% · 13 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.90% · 8 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 360–720 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.30% · 5 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 6–9 exposures/bin, 1080–1620 s integrated, 60–90% coverage.
Gaia 369252739466052352 · G 13.30

43/43 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.78% · median conditional error 1.52%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9460.9861.0271.067Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.5143.1Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.93% · 18 usable bins · 25 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.90% · 13 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.16% · 8 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 360–720 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.15% · 5 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 6–9 exposures/bin, 1080–1620 s integrated, 60–90% coverage.
Gaia 381278201223285120 · G 13.30

43/43 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.20% · median conditional error 1.29%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9260.9691.0121.055Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.5143.1Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.72% · 18 usable bins · 25 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.13% · 13 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.45% · 8 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 360–720 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.38% · 5 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 6–9 exposures/bin, 1080–1620 s integrated, 60–90% coverage.
Gaia 375224187115252736 · G 13.31

43/43 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.60% · median conditional error 1.19%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9500.9861.0231.060Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.5143.1Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.36% · 18 usable bins · 25 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.50% · 13 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.38% · 8 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 360–720 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 1.29% · 5 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 6–9 exposures/bin, 1080–1620 s integrated, 60–90% coverage.
Gaia 369193980014906752 · G 13.32

43/43 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.65% · median conditional error 1.15%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.7350.8430.9511.058Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.5143.1Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.79% · 18 usable bins · 25 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.23% · 13 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.83% · 8 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 360–720 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.39% · 5 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 6–9 exposures/bin, 1080–1620 s integrated, 60–90% coverage.
Gaia 381224084629507328 · G 13.32

43/43 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.09% · median conditional error 1.46%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9260.9711.0161.061Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.5143.1Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 2.14% · 18 usable bins · 25 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 2.82% · 13 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.17% · 8 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 360–720 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 1.22% · 5 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 6–9 exposures/bin, 1080–1620 s integrated, 60–90% coverage.
Gaia 369284419145014528 · G 12.95

45/45 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.91% · median conditional error 1.10%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9440.9841.0231.062Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential164.2314.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 2.09% · 19 usable bins · 26 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.58% · 12 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.70% · 10 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–4 exposures/bin, 180–720 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.85% · 5 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–9 exposures/bin, 180–1620 s integrated, 10–90% coverage.
Gaia 381169005969155584 · G 13.07

45/45 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.53% · median conditional error 1.38%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9250.9701.0161.061Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential164.2314.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 2.71% · 19 usable bins · 26 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 2.14% · 12 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.93% · 10 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–4 exposures/bin, 180–720 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.32% · 5 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–9 exposures/bin, 180–1620 s integrated, 10–90% coverage.
Gaia 381191580317044992 · G 13.13

45/45 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.35% · median conditional error 0.98%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9380.9801.0231.066Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential164.2314.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.32% · 19 usable bins · 26 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.40% · 12 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.49% · 10 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–4 exposures/bin, 180–720 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.93% · 5 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–9 exposures/bin, 180–1620 s integrated, 10–90% coverage.
Gaia 381183333980030336 · G 13.14

45/45 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.14% · median conditional error 1.52%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9360.9841.0311.078Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential164.2314.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.95% · 19 usable bins · 26 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.10% · 12 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.30% · 10 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–4 exposures/bin, 180–720 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.60% · 5 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–9 exposures/bin, 180–1620 s integrated, 10–90% coverage.
Gaia 369222193658888320 · G 13.16

45/45 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.89% · median conditional error 1.10%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.8030.8990.9951.091Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential164.2314.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.59% · 19 usable bins · 26 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 2.31% · 12 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 2.38% · 10 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–4 exposures/bin, 180–720 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.69% · 5 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–9 exposures/bin, 180–1620 s integrated, 10–90% coverage.
Gaia 369152439091358592 · G 13.17

45/45 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.81% · median conditional error 1.13%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9430.9811.0191.057Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential164.2314.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 2.55% · 19 usable bins · 26 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.60% · 12 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.57% · 10 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–4 exposures/bin, 180–720 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 1.28% · 5 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–9 exposures/bin, 180–1620 s integrated, 10–90% coverage.
Gaia 387312802066050432 · G 13.19

45/45 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.12% · median conditional error 1.16%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9460.9841.0231.061Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential164.2314.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.58% · 19 usable bins · 26 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.53% · 12 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.72% · 10 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–4 exposures/bin, 180–720 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 1.02% · 5 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–9 exposures/bin, 180–1620 s integrated, 10–90% coverage.
Gaia 375287340314289664 · G 13.23

45/45 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.09% · median conditional error 1.08%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9390.9781.0171.056Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential164.2314.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 3.02% · 19 usable bins · 26 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.33% · 12 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 2.17% · 10 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–4 exposures/bin, 180–720 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.55% · 5 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–9 exposures/bin, 180–1620 s integrated, 10–90% coverage.
Gaia 369291256732926336 · G 13.25

45/45 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.58% · median conditional error 1.31%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9450.9871.0281.070Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential164.2314.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.67% · 19 usable bins · 26 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.81% · 12 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.50% · 10 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–4 exposures/bin, 180–720 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 1.14% · 5 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–9 exposures/bin, 180–1620 s integrated, 10–90% coverage.
Gaia 375237037657363456 · G 13.27

45/45 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.73% · median conditional error 1.10%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9440.9781.0131.047Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential164.2314.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.49% · 19 usable bins · 26 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.70% · 12 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.61% · 10 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–4 exposures/bin, 180–720 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.35% · 5 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–9 exposures/bin, 180–1620 s integrated, 10–90% coverage.
Gaia 381173472735157120 · G 13.28

45/45 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.89% · median conditional error 1.31%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9280.9741.0191.065Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential164.2314.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.46% · 19 usable bins · 26 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.50% · 12 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.08% · 10 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–4 exposures/bin, 180–720 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.97% · 5 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–9 exposures/bin, 180–1620 s integrated, 10–90% coverage.
Gaia 369252739466052352 · G 13.30

45/45 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.98% · median conditional error 1.45%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9330.9771.0201.064Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential164.2314.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 2.56% · 19 usable bins · 26 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.80% · 12 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.65% · 10 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–4 exposures/bin, 180–720 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.25% · 5 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–9 exposures/bin, 180–1620 s integrated, 10–90% coverage.
Gaia 381278201223285120 · G 13.30

45/45 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.32% · median conditional error 1.25%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9460.9921.0391.085Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential164.2314.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 2.57% · 19 usable bins · 26 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 2.51% · 12 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.59% · 10 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–4 exposures/bin, 180–720 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.77% · 5 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–9 exposures/bin, 180–1620 s integrated, 10–90% coverage.
Gaia 375224187115252736 · G 13.31

45/45 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.43% · median conditional error 1.16%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9490.9841.0181.053Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential164.2314.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.34% · 19 usable bins · 26 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.16% · 12 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.82% · 10 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–4 exposures/bin, 180–720 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.73% · 5 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–9 exposures/bin, 180–1620 s integrated, 10–90% coverage.
Gaia 369193980014906752 · G 13.32

45/45 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.32% · median conditional error 1.11%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9070.9671.0281.088Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential164.2314.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 2.40% · 19 usable bins · 26 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.04% · 12 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.48% · 10 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–4 exposures/bin, 180–720 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.07% · 5 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–9 exposures/bin, 180–1620 s integrated, 10–90% coverage.
Gaia 381224084629507328 · G 13.32

45/45 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.44% · median conditional error 1.40%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9220.9711.0201.069Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential164.2314.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 2.20% · 19 usable bins · 26 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.90% · 12 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.75% · 10 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–4 exposures/bin, 180–720 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 1.19% · 5 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–9 exposures/bin, 180–1620 s integrated, 10–90% coverage.

Recommended next acquisition: characterize unsaturated stars with matched short-exposure Darks and same-session Flats, then keep one exposure/filter configuration through a dedicated known-host event and its before/after baseline. There is no real 60/120 s improvement demonstrated here.

Timing, uncertainty and applicability
  • Not calibrated standard magnitudes. Native G1+G2 response/Flat/pixel-phase and shared errors remain unbounded.
  • Recorded header start times support relative intervals; TIMESYS and clock accuracy are not established. No BJD_TDB.
  • References exclude each target but share sky/calibration systematics. Conditional errors hold median normalizations fixed.
  • No new search is run here. Existing event evidence and eligibility are retained; review scores are not calibrated false-alarm probabilities.
  • No new aperture is promoted. Mixed exposures, passbands, nights and calibration/angle segments stay separate.
M31 — Andromeda Galaxy · RGB · 120 s · 55 frames

measured diagnostics · 55 timed frames; 0 timing exclusions.

Separate segment c89e6af2: 0.14 h span · 190.4 s median cadence · 71.9% exposure duty · 0 large gap(s); 0 overlapping recorded intervals (bins unavailable when present).

Separate segment 79cd3312: 2.01 h span · 123.5 s median cadence · 86.0% exposure duty · 2 large gap(s); 0 overlapping recorded intervals (bins unavailable when present).

1.3441.9522.5593.167Robust scatter (%)12.513.1Gaia G magnitude (catalogue)

Brightness comparison is observational: sources share sky and calibration; points are not independent trials.

Gaia 387328023430130176 · G 12.54

3/3 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.82% · median conditional error 2.37%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9450.9791.0131.047Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.07.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 60–60% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 40–40% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 20–20% coverage.
Gaia 381203189614455680 · G 12.69

3/3 valid epochs · robust scatter 0.61% · median conditional error 1.98%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9700.9951.0211.046Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.07.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 60–60% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 40–40% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 20–20% coverage.
Gaia 375221124801262208 · G 12.85

3/3 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.00% · median conditional error 2.80%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9490.9941.0391.084Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.07.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 60–60% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 40–40% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 20–20% coverage.
Gaia 381222813319199744 · G 12.86

3/3 valid epochs · robust scatter 0.07% · median conditional error 2.94%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9360.9701.0041.038Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.07.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 60–60% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 40–40% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 20–20% coverage.
Gaia 381135986260425984 · G 13.02

3/3 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.71% · median conditional error 3.42%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9200.9681.0151.063Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.07.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 60–60% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 40–40% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 20–20% coverage.
Gaia 381296858563921408 · G 13.04

3/3 valid epochs · robust scatter 0.75% · median conditional error 2.31%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9650.9871.0101.032Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.07.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 60–60% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 40–40% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 20–20% coverage.
Gaia 381214498262497920 · G 13.05

3/3 valid epochs · robust scatter 5.68% · median conditional error 2.68%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9020.9611.0191.078Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.07.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 60–60% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 40–40% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 20–20% coverage.
Gaia 381318024162717184 · G 13.05

3/3 valid epochs · robust scatter 4.30% · median conditional error 2.24%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9400.9821.0231.064Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.07.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 60–60% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 40–40% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 20–20% coverage.
Gaia 369013458245712128 · G 13.07

3/3 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.78% · median conditional error 2.41%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9040.9531.0031.052Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.07.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 60–60% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 40–40% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 20–20% coverage.
Gaia 381141758696449280 · G 13.07

3/3 valid epochs · robust scatter 0.55% · median conditional error 1.93%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9730.9921.0101.029Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.07.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 60–60% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 40–40% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 20–20% coverage.
Gaia 381169005969155584 · G 13.07

3/3 valid epochs · robust scatter 0.63% · median conditional error 2.67%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9570.9831.0091.035Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.07.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 60–60% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 40–40% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 20–20% coverage.
Gaia 381136776534401664 · G 13.08

3/3 valid epochs · robust scatter 3.26% · median conditional error 2.23%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9260.9681.0101.052Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.07.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 60–60% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 40–40% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 20–20% coverage.
Gaia 369243256178304128 · G 13.09

3/3 valid epochs · robust scatter 0.09% · median conditional error 2.00%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9740.9921.0091.026Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.07.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 60–60% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 40–40% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 20–20% coverage.
Gaia 381416018126720000 · G 13.10

3/3 valid epochs · robust scatter 0.25% · median conditional error 2.15%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9710.9961.0211.046Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.07.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 60–60% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 40–40% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 20–20% coverage.
Gaia 381322731444065920 · G 13.11

3/3 valid epochs · robust scatter 0.48% · median conditional error 1.99%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9710.9911.0101.030Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.07.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 60–60% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 40–40% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 20–20% coverage.
Gaia 375300293935503744 · G 13.12

3/3 valid epochs · robust scatter 0.85% · median conditional error 2.52%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9571.0161.0751.134Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.07.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 60–60% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 40–40% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 20–20% coverage.
Gaia 387328023430130176 · G 12.54

52/52 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.30% · median conditional error 2.15%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9180.9831.0481.113Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential9.4128.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.22% · 9 usable bins · 20 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 1.08% · 11 usable bins · 10 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 240–480 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.89% · 8 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.23% · 4 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 11–13 exposures/bin, 1320–1560 s integrated, 73–87% coverage.
Gaia 381203189614455680 · G 12.69

52/52 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.47% · median conditional error 1.83%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9160.9791.0421.104Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential9.4128.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 0.80% · 9 usable bins · 20 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 1.31% · 11 usable bins · 10 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 240–480 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.83% · 8 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.21% · 4 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 11–13 exposures/bin, 1320–1560 s integrated, 73–87% coverage.
Gaia 375221124801262208 · G 12.85

52/52 valid epochs · robust scatter 3.04% · median conditional error 2.48%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9110.9831.0561.128Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential9.4128.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.55% · 9 usable bins · 20 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 1.56% · 11 usable bins · 10 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 240–480 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.82% · 8 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.82% · 4 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 11–13 exposures/bin, 1320–1560 s integrated, 73–87% coverage.
Gaia 381222813319199744 · G 12.86

52/52 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.45% · median conditional error 2.62%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9040.9801.0561.133Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential9.4128.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.77% · 9 usable bins · 20 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 1.04% · 11 usable bins · 10 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 240–480 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.24% · 8 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.24% · 4 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 11–13 exposures/bin, 1320–1560 s integrated, 73–87% coverage.
Gaia 381135986260425984 · G 13.02

52/52 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.21% · median conditional error 3.08%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.8600.9481.0351.123Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential9.4128.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 2.02% · 9 usable bins · 20 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 0.69% · 11 usable bins · 10 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 240–480 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.04% · 8 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.65% · 4 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 11–13 exposures/bin, 1320–1560 s integrated, 73–87% coverage.
Gaia 381296858563921408 · G 13.04

52/52 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.12% · median conditional error 2.10%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.8980.9761.0531.131Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential9.4128.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.23% · 9 usable bins · 20 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 1.62% · 11 usable bins · 10 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 240–480 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.95% · 8 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.14% · 4 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 11–13 exposures/bin, 1320–1560 s integrated, 73–87% coverage.
Gaia 381214498262497920 · G 13.05

52/52 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.13% · median conditional error 2.40%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.8820.9641.0461.128Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential9.4128.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.99% · 9 usable bins · 20 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 0.62% · 11 usable bins · 10 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 240–480 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.61% · 8 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.05% · 4 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 11–13 exposures/bin, 1320–1560 s integrated, 73–87% coverage.
Gaia 381318024162717184 · G 13.05

52/52 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.47% · median conditional error 2.04%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9240.9941.0641.134Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential9.4128.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.58% · 9 usable bins · 20 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 0.51% · 11 usable bins · 10 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 240–480 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.45% · 8 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.21% · 4 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 11–13 exposures/bin, 1320–1560 s integrated, 73–87% coverage.
Gaia 369013458245712128 · G 13.07

52/52 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.01% · median conditional error 2.14%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.8870.9701.0531.136Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential9.4128.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 2.35% · 9 usable bins · 20 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 1.30% · 11 usable bins · 10 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 240–480 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.23% · 8 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.54% · 4 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 11–13 exposures/bin, 1320–1560 s integrated, 73–87% coverage.
Gaia 381141758696449280 · G 13.07

52/52 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.92% · median conditional error 1.83%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9290.9871.0461.104Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential9.4128.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.59% · 9 usable bins · 20 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 0.96% · 11 usable bins · 10 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 240–480 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.67% · 8 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.68% · 4 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 11–13 exposures/bin, 1320–1560 s integrated, 73–87% coverage.
Gaia 381169005969155584 · G 13.07

52/52 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.30% · median conditional error 2.43%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.8950.9641.0341.103Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential9.4128.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.49% · 9 usable bins · 20 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 0.92% · 11 usable bins · 10 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 240–480 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.75% · 8 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.56% · 4 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 11–13 exposures/bin, 1320–1560 s integrated, 73–87% coverage.
Gaia 381136776534401664 · G 13.08

52/52 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.99% · median conditional error 2.00%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.8940.9671.0401.113Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential9.4128.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.57% · 9 usable bins · 20 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 0.36% · 11 usable bins · 10 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 240–480 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.68% · 8 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.37% · 4 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 11–13 exposures/bin, 1320–1560 s integrated, 73–87% coverage.
Gaia 369243256178304128 · G 13.09

52/52 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.79% · median conditional error 1.80%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9280.9901.0521.115Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential9.4128.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 0.80% · 9 usable bins · 20 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 0.33% · 11 usable bins · 10 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 240–480 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.63% · 8 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.61% · 4 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 11–13 exposures/bin, 1320–1560 s integrated, 73–87% coverage.
Gaia 381416018126720000 · G 13.10

52/52 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.02% · median conditional error 1.95%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.8620.9431.0251.106Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential9.4128.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 0.92% · 9 usable bins · 20 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 1.31% · 11 usable bins · 10 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 240–480 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.09% · 8 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.73% · 4 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 11–13 exposures/bin, 1320–1560 s integrated, 73–87% coverage.
Gaia 381322731444065920 · G 13.11

52/52 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.86% · median conditional error 1.80%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9190.9841.0501.116Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential9.4128.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.75% · 9 usable bins · 20 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 0.80% · 11 usable bins · 10 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 240–480 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.55% · 8 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.22% · 4 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 11–13 exposures/bin, 1320–1560 s integrated, 73–87% coverage.
Gaia 375300293935503744 · G 13.12

52/52 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.00% · median conditional error 2.17%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9220.9871.0511.115Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential9.4128.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.83% · 9 usable bins · 20 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 0.88% · 11 usable bins · 10 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 240–480 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.93% · 8 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.62% · 4 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 11–13 exposures/bin, 1320–1560 s integrated, 73–87% coverage.

Recommended next acquisition: characterize unsaturated stars with matched short-exposure Darks and same-session Flats, then keep one exposure/filter configuration through a dedicated known-host event and its before/after baseline. There is no real 60/120 s improvement demonstrated here.

Timing, uncertainty and applicability
  • Not calibrated standard magnitudes. Native G1+G2 response/Flat/pixel-phase and shared errors remain unbounded.
  • Recorded header start times support relative intervals; TIMESYS and clock accuracy are not established. No BJD_TDB.
  • References exclude each target but share sky/calibration systematics. Conditional errors hold median normalizations fixed.
  • No new search is run here. Existing event evidence and eligibility are retained; review scores are not calibrated false-alarm probabilities.
  • No new aperture is promoted. Mixed exposures, passbands, nights and calibration/angle segments stay separate.
M31 — Andromeda Galaxy · RGB · 120 s · 117 frames

measured diagnostics · 117 timed frames; 0 timing exclusions.

Separate segment c85c04fb: 0.59 h span · 681.2 s median cadence · 22.5% exposure duty · 1 large gap(s); 0 overlapping recorded intervals (bins unavailable when present).

Separate segment 02d02ce1: 4.46 h span · 123.2 s median cadence · 84.5% exposure duty · 7 large gap(s); 0 overlapping recorded intervals (bins unavailable when present).

1.4221.8762.3312.785Robust scatter (%)12.613.3Gaia G magnitude (catalogue)

Brightness comparison is observational: sources share sky and calibration; points are not independent trials.

Gaia 369222567317250944 · G 12.63

4/4 valid epochs · robust scatter 0.55% · median conditional error 1.78%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9580.9871.0161.045Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.034.6Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 20–40% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 13–27% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 2–2 exposures/bin, 240–240 s integrated, 13–13% coverage.
Gaia 381289329476254720 · G 12.82

4/4 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.51% · median conditional error 1.46%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9080.9510.9941.037Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.034.6Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 20–40% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 13–27% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 2–2 exposures/bin, 240–240 s integrated, 13–13% coverage.
Gaia 381409966516376960 · G 12.87

4/4 valid epochs · robust scatter 0.43% · median conditional error 1.66%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9610.9831.0061.028Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.034.6Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 20–40% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 13–27% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 2–2 exposures/bin, 240–240 s integrated, 13–13% coverage.
Gaia 381214498262497920 · G 13.05

4/4 valid epochs · robust scatter 3.04% · median conditional error 2.10%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9480.9911.0341.076Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.034.6Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 20–40% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 13–27% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 2–2 exposures/bin, 240–240 s integrated, 13–13% coverage.
Gaia 381191580317044992 · G 13.13

4/4 valid epochs · robust scatter 0.55% · median conditional error 1.54%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9530.9750.9981.020Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.034.6Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 20–40% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 13–27% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 2–2 exposures/bin, 240–240 s integrated, 13–13% coverage.
Gaia 369225904510499584 · G 13.15

4/4 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.05% · median conditional error 1.68%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9490.9791.0091.039Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.034.6Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 20–40% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 13–27% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 2–2 exposures/bin, 240–240 s integrated, 13–13% coverage.
Gaia 375280365287429376 · G 13.15

4/4 valid epochs · robust scatter 0.48% · median conditional error 1.62%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9580.9871.0171.047Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.034.6Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 20–40% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 13–27% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 2–2 exposures/bin, 240–240 s integrated, 13–13% coverage.
Gaia 369127395139218560 · G 13.18

4/4 valid epochs · robust scatter 0.87% · median conditional error 2.39%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9580.9921.0261.059Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.034.6Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 20–40% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 13–27% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 2–2 exposures/bin, 240–240 s integrated, 13–13% coverage.
Gaia 375287340314289664 · G 13.23

4/4 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.31% · median conditional error 1.66%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9430.9751.0061.038Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.034.6Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 20–40% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 13–27% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 2–2 exposures/bin, 240–240 s integrated, 13–13% coverage.
Gaia 381344034481859072 · G 13.26

4/4 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.02% · median conditional error 1.74%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9490.9751.0011.027Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.034.6Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 20–40% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 13–27% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 2–2 exposures/bin, 240–240 s integrated, 13–13% coverage.
Gaia 381152272776336640 · G 13.26

4/4 valid epochs · robust scatter 0.55% · median conditional error 1.92%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9600.9841.0071.030Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.034.6Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 20–40% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 13–27% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 2–2 exposures/bin, 240–240 s integrated, 13–13% coverage.
Gaia 381165810513518720 · G 13.28

4/4 valid epochs · robust scatter 4.28% · median conditional error 1.90%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9310.9851.0391.094Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.034.6Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 20–40% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 13–27% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 2–2 exposures/bin, 240–240 s integrated, 13–13% coverage.
Gaia 369147804824163840 · G 13.28

4/4 valid epochs · robust scatter 0.81% · median conditional error 1.76%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9460.9720.9991.025Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.034.6Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 20–40% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 13–27% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 2–2 exposures/bin, 240–240 s integrated, 13–13% coverage.
Gaia 375226592296928384 · G 13.28

4/4 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.59% · median conditional error 1.71%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9450.9821.0181.054Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.034.6Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 20–40% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 13–27% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 2–2 exposures/bin, 240–240 s integrated, 13–13% coverage.
Gaia 369252739466052352 · G 13.30

4/4 valid epochs · robust scatter 0.28% · median conditional error 2.18%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9520.9771.0031.028Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.034.6Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 20–40% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 13–27% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 2–2 exposures/bin, 240–240 s integrated, 13–13% coverage.
Gaia 381220030180351360 · G 13.30

4/4 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.35% · median conditional error 1.85%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9560.9911.0271.062Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.034.6Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 20–40% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 13–27% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 2–2 exposures/bin, 240–240 s integrated, 13–13% coverage.
Gaia 369222567317250944 · G 12.63

113/113 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.48% · median conditional error 1.75%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.8430.9291.0141.100Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential53.5319.0Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 2.66% · 17 usable bins · 46 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 1.94% · 23 usable bins · 22 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–4 exposures/bin, 120–480 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.85% · 18 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.70% · 9 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 9–14 exposures/bin, 1080–1680 s integrated, 60–93% coverage.
Gaia 381289329476254720 · G 12.82

113/113 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.75% · median conditional error 1.41%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.6770.8381.0001.161Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential53.5319.0Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.03% · 17 usable bins · 46 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 1.10% · 23 usable bins · 22 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–4 exposures/bin, 120–480 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.86% · 18 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.96% · 9 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 9–14 exposures/bin, 1080–1680 s integrated, 60–93% coverage.
Gaia 381409966516376960 · G 12.87

113/113 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.60% · median conditional error 1.60%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.8600.9311.0011.072Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential53.5319.0Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 0.94% · 17 usable bins · 46 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 1.07% · 23 usable bins · 22 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–4 exposures/bin, 120–480 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.80% · 18 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.50% · 9 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 9–14 exposures/bin, 1080–1680 s integrated, 60–93% coverage.
Gaia 381214498262497920 · G 13.05

113/113 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.01% · median conditional error 1.97%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.8630.9451.0281.110Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential53.5319.0Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.38% · 17 usable bins · 46 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 1.38% · 23 usable bins · 22 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–4 exposures/bin, 120–480 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.26% · 18 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.76% · 9 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 9–14 exposures/bin, 1080–1680 s integrated, 60–93% coverage.
Gaia 381191580317044992 · G 13.13

113/113 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.76% · median conditional error 1.50%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.8430.9251.0071.089Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential53.5319.0Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.07% · 17 usable bins · 46 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 0.79% · 23 usable bins · 22 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–4 exposures/bin, 120–480 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.61% · 18 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.43% · 9 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 9–14 exposures/bin, 1080–1680 s integrated, 60–93% coverage.
Gaia 369225904510499584 · G 13.15

113/113 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.90% · median conditional error 1.60%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.8500.9311.0121.093Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential53.5319.0Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.11% · 17 usable bins · 46 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 0.99% · 23 usable bins · 22 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–4 exposures/bin, 120–480 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.07% · 18 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.22% · 9 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 9–14 exposures/bin, 1080–1680 s integrated, 60–93% coverage.
Gaia 375280365287429376 · G 13.15

113/113 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.24% · median conditional error 1.54%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.8700.9421.0131.084Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential53.5319.0Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.96% · 17 usable bins · 46 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 1.01% · 23 usable bins · 22 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–4 exposures/bin, 120–480 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.13% · 18 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.94% · 9 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 9–14 exposures/bin, 1080–1680 s integrated, 60–93% coverage.
Gaia 369127395139218560 · G 13.18

113/113 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.69% · median conditional error 2.31%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.6740.8270.9791.132Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential53.5319.0Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.48% · 17 usable bins · 46 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 1.82% · 23 usable bins · 22 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–4 exposures/bin, 120–480 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.92% · 18 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 1.42% · 9 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 9–14 exposures/bin, 1080–1680 s integrated, 60–93% coverage.
Gaia 375287340314289664 · G 13.23

113/113 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.75% · median conditional error 1.63%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.8490.9251.0001.075Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential53.5319.0Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.65% · 17 usable bins · 46 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 0.48% · 23 usable bins · 22 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–4 exposures/bin, 120–480 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.66% · 18 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.52% · 9 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 9–14 exposures/bin, 1080–1680 s integrated, 60–93% coverage.
Gaia 381344034481859072 · G 13.26

113/113 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.69% · median conditional error 1.65%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.8650.9491.0331.117Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential53.5319.0Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.14% · 17 usable bins · 46 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 0.83% · 23 usable bins · 22 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–4 exposures/bin, 120–480 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.50% · 18 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.40% · 9 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 9–14 exposures/bin, 1080–1680 s integrated, 60–93% coverage.
Gaia 381152272776336640 · G 13.26

113/113 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.17% · median conditional error 1.87%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.7960.8950.9951.095Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential53.5319.0Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 2.18% · 17 usable bins · 46 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 1.71% · 23 usable bins · 22 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–4 exposures/bin, 120–480 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.13% · 18 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.38% · 9 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 9–14 exposures/bin, 1080–1680 s integrated, 60–93% coverage.
Gaia 381165810513518720 · G 13.28

113/113 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.52% · median conditional error 1.84%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.8700.9461.0221.099Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential53.5319.0Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.33% · 17 usable bins · 46 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 0.81% · 23 usable bins · 22 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–4 exposures/bin, 120–480 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.26% · 18 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.74% · 9 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 9–14 exposures/bin, 1080–1680 s integrated, 60–93% coverage.
Gaia 369147804824163840 · G 13.28

113/113 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.55% · median conditional error 1.72%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.8480.9251.0011.077Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential53.5319.0Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.42% · 17 usable bins · 46 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 0.69% · 23 usable bins · 22 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–4 exposures/bin, 120–480 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.02% · 18 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.41% · 9 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 9–14 exposures/bin, 1080–1680 s integrated, 60–93% coverage.
Gaia 375226592296928384 · G 13.28

113/113 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.53% · median conditional error 1.68%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.8660.9351.0031.071Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential53.5319.0Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.05% · 17 usable bins · 46 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 0.63% · 23 usable bins · 22 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–4 exposures/bin, 120–480 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.84% · 18 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.44% · 9 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 9–14 exposures/bin, 1080–1680 s integrated, 60–93% coverage.
Gaia 369252739466052352 · G 13.30

113/113 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.50% · median conditional error 2.18%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.8680.9421.0161.090Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential53.5319.0Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.75% · 17 usable bins · 46 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 1.33% · 23 usable bins · 22 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–4 exposures/bin, 120–480 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.07% · 18 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.85% · 9 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 9–14 exposures/bin, 1080–1680 s integrated, 60–93% coverage.
Gaia 381220030180351360 · G 13.30

113/113 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.82% · median conditional error 1.74%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.7860.8900.9951.099Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential53.5319.0Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 0.89% · 17 usable bins · 46 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 0.87% · 23 usable bins · 22 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–4 exposures/bin, 120–480 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.09% · 18 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.88% · 9 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 9–14 exposures/bin, 1080–1680 s integrated, 60–93% coverage.

Recommended next acquisition: characterize unsaturated stars with matched short-exposure Darks and same-session Flats, then keep one exposure/filter configuration through a dedicated known-host event and its before/after baseline. There is no real 60/120 s improvement demonstrated here.

Timing, uncertainty and applicability
  • Not calibrated standard magnitudes. Native G1+G2 response/Flat/pixel-phase and shared errors remain unbounded.
  • Recorded header start times support relative intervals; TIMESYS and clock accuracy are not established. No BJD_TDB.
  • References exclude each target but share sky/calibration systematics. Conditional errors hold median normalizations fixed.
  • No new search is run here. Existing event evidence and eligibility are retained; review scores are not calibrated false-alarm probabilities.
  • No new aperture is promoted. Mixed exposures, passbands, nights and calibration/angle segments stay separate.
Exact native-photometry diagnosticsConditional errors, rates, source/reference IDs and precision support
Comparison-star evidence · experimental

Comparison-star robustness check

Could a more robust reference ensemble improve these light curves? This controlled experiment reuses the original native fluxes. Your published scientific curves and event results remain unchanged.

RGB · 180.0 s · 0 supported source/segment tests

Insufficient contiguous data or independent references for the blocked comparison.

4 contiguous blocks are too short; no test is forced across the gap.

3 contiguous blocks are too short; no test is forced across the gap.

Scientific baseline retained. No promotion from scatter alone; independent control observations and a calibrated uncertainty model are still required.

RGB · 300.0 s · 0 supported source/segment tests

Insufficient contiguous data or independent references for the blocked comparison.

2 contiguous blocks are too short; no test is forced across the gap.

Scientific baseline retained. No promotion from scatter alone; independent control observations and a calibrated uncertainty model are still required.

RGB · 120.0 s · 0 supported source/segment tests

Insufficient contiguous data or independent references for the blocked comparison.

3 contiguous blocks are too short; no test is forced across the gap.

1 contiguous blocks are too short; no test is forced across the gap.

Scientific baseline retained. No promotion from scatter alone; independent control observations and a calibrated uncertainty model are still required.

RGB · 120.0 s · 0 supported source/segment tests

Insufficient contiguous data or independent references for the blocked comparison.

7 contiguous blocks are too short; no test is forced across the gap.

1 contiguous blocks are too short; no test is forced across the gap.

Scientific baseline retained. No promotion from scatter alone; independent control observations and a calibrated uncertainty model are still required.

Validation design and limits

Four contiguous held-out folds per sufficiently long uninterrupted block, with one purged epoch on each side. Reference medians are learned only from training epochs; each target is excluded from its references. Fixed Huber cutoff 1.5, at least six references. No hyperparameter search or target-based refitting.

  • Blocked epoch checks within existing calibration/orientation segments, not independent new-night validation.
  • Stars share references and are not independent trials; no p-values or discovery probability are inferred.
  • Lower scatter may remove reference contamination but does not prove better physical accuracy.
  • Existing shared-master, flat, centroid, sampling and clock uncertainties remain unresolved.
  • Artificial dimming checks algebraic signal transfer only, not transit detection or recovery efficiency.
  • No re-fitting, smoothing or interpolation of target flux; gaps and unavailable measurements remain gaps.
Reference comparison evidenceHeld-out folds, reference membership, unchanged baseline and signal-transfer checks

Example measured light curve

2026-10-16 · RGB · Gaia 369152439091358592. First available session and source ID; not selected for apparent variability.

Relative brightness1.0420.96420.03 — 2.39 hours since the first recorded header start · exposure midpoints
Native G1+G2 measurements · separate calibration segments · no connecting lines.
All saved stellar light curves
Appendix · measurement methods & observing conditions
Observing nights and Moon

RGB

2026-10-16 19:53:16 CEST (UTC+0200) → 2026-10-16 21:07:28 CEST (UTC+0200)

32.5% Moon illumination · saved calculation

Altitude 2.7°Target separation —

Mitte des Aufnahmezeitraums

Original saved observation note

Time assumption: DATE-OBS interpreted as UTC because TIMESYS is missing. Astronomical context is provisional.

Original saved observation note

Moon altitude is approximate; local Earth-orientation data may be incomplete.

Original saved observation note

Geometric Moon altitude, without terrain or refraction; site elevation assumed to be 0 m.

RGB

2026-10-16 21:24:51 CEST (UTC+0200) → 2026-10-17 02:40:38 CEST (UTC+0200)

33.8% Moon illumination · saved calculation

Altitude -25.7°Target separation —

Mitte des Aufnahmezeitraums

Original saved observation note

Time assumption: DATE-OBS interpreted as UTC because TIMESYS is missing. Astronomical context is provisional.

Original saved observation note

Moon altitude is approximate; local Earth-orientation data may be incomplete.

Original saved observation note

Geometric Moon altitude, without terrain or refraction; site elevation assumed to be 0 m.

RGB

2026-10-18 19:37:35 CEST (UTC+0200) → 2026-10-18 21:46:52 CEST (UTC+0200)

51.1% Moon illumination · saved calculation

Altitude 13.6°Target separation —

Mitte des Aufnahmezeitraums

Original saved observation note

Time assumption: DATE-OBS interpreted as UTC because TIMESYS is missing. Astronomical context is provisional.

Original saved observation note

Moon altitude is approximate; local Earth-orientation data may be incomplete.

Original saved observation note

Geometric Moon altitude, without terrain or refraction; site elevation assumed to be 0 m.

RGB

2026-10-18 23:05:49 CEST (UTC+0200) → 2026-10-19 04:25:52 CEST (UTC+0200)

53.1% Moon illumination · saved calculation

Altitude -23.4°Target separation —

Mitte des Aufnahmezeitraums

Original saved observation note

Time assumption: DATE-OBS interpreted as UTC because TIMESYS is missing. Astronomical context is provisional.

Original saved observation note

Moon altitude is approximate; local Earth-orientation data may be incomplete.

Original saved observation note

Geometric Moon altitude, without terrain or refraction; site elevation assumed to be 0 m.

Saved time assumptions are unchanged. Site and weather are shown on the session pages.

Explain this comparison

Comparison with your current archive: each physical observing session has equal weight. Valid per-exposure values are first averaged within each session, then the session means are averaged. Later sessions and the exposures shown here may be included. This is neither an independent test nor a formal quality grade.

Selected data use the exact input IDs of this product. RGB and DNB, methods, units, sampling and recorded acquisition settings remain separate. Unknown setup metadata do not establish physical compatibility. A few sessions form only a small descriptive reference. Missing values do not count as zero.

FWHM and star shape are saved medians of the stellar fits in each exposure; the display averages these per-exposure values. Stellar SNR is the saved median of model estimates from at least five stars per exposure. Model: source Poisson noise, background variance and uncertainty in the mean local sky. Circular aperture radius 3, sky annulus 5–7 sampling pixels, 3σ clipping. EGAIN in electrons/ADU is required. Different star selections remain a limitation even within the same field.

Background and scatter are raw green-grid ADU under compatible acquisition conditions. Field emission, gradients and stellar populations limit comparison. These are not measurements of pure seeing, nebular SNR or transit sensitivity. The previous grading rule requiring eight other nights has not changed.

RGB · Star width (FWHM): 88/88 valid selected exposures; archive 89/89 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Background: 88/88 valid selected exposures; archive 89/89 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Stellar SNR: 13/13 valid selected exposures; archive 13/13 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Background scatter: 88/88 valid selected exposures; archive 89/89 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Star shape: 78/78 valid selected exposures; archive 82/82 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Stellar SNR: 78/78 valid selected exposures; archive 82/82 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Star width (FWHM): 13/13 valid selected exposures; archive 13/13 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Background: 13/13 valid selected exposures; archive 13/13 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Stellar SNR: 88/88 valid selected exposures; archive 89/89 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Star shape: 13/13 valid selected exposures; archive 13/13 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Stellar SNR: 93/93 valid selected exposures; archive 93/93 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Background: 93/93 valid selected exposures; archive 93/93 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Background scatter: 13/13 valid selected exposures; archive 13/13 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Star width (FWHM): 78/78 valid selected exposures; archive 82/82 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Background: 78/78 valid selected exposures; archive 82/82 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Star shape: 93/93 valid selected exposures; archive 93/93 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Background scatter: 78/78 valid selected exposures; archive 82/82 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Star width (FWHM): 93/93 valid selected exposures; archive 93/93 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Background scatter: 93/93 valid selected exposures; archive 93/93 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Star shape: 88/88 valid selected exposures; archive 89/89 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

Archive version ab3717b4ec376ea87d5261c94fe6dbbd42a97237e09422490b5844921d286006. This export is a frozen snapshot; it does not update without a new export.

All measurements and frozen archive comparison

Individual-frame quality review · advisory

Image-quality assistant

65 selected frames worth reviewing · 272/272 inputs have enough same-session support. All frames remain selected exactly as before.

Separate raw measurements, compared with the median of the same session and recorded setup. No overall score, automatic rejection or diagnosis.

Review suggestions · 65 frames
Saved header time / input IDMeasurementThis frameSession medianWhy review?
2026-10-16T17:53:16.269942
c725d667acb2
Stellar SNR estimate105.5 dimensionless155.7Lower model SNR in the sampled stars; changing star selection may contribute.
2026-10-16T18:44:21.218131
519598cde10c
Star eccentricity0.537 dimensionless0.413More elongated than this session; inspect tracking and field position. This is not a guiding measurement.
2026-10-16T18:44:21.218131
519598cde10c
Star width (FWHM)2.904 sensor pixels2.679Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-16T19:24:51.569094
6d575c5dce22
Background level791 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T19:27:54.910793
ed759b7c94ab
Background level789 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T19:30:58.151772
1bcc75be3625
Background level785 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T19:34:12.811621
b4421177a849
Background level783 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T19:37:16.108012
41e7f9ed2fa6
Background level784 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T19:40:19.597674
90c318d3a916
Background level783 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T19:43:35.924242
11b73402eb5e
Background level778 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T19:46:39.490364
c6671d655b53
Background level776 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T19:49:42.651940
a3bc149246a5
Background level774 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T19:52:57.243567
4d415a689a14
Background level773 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T19:56:00.577528
cc0793050803
Background level771 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T19:59:03.962973
42179a23a342
Background level768 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T20:02:21.353856
dd3af413dd23
Background level768 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T20:05:24.781723
8375a230fe75
Background level768 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T20:08:28.067488
cf8603b79e2b
Background level768 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T20:11:43.462177
bcdfa079cbaf
Background level765 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T20:14:46.814531
98155d9e9d16
Background level764 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T20:17:50.143669
9d18cd1735ec
Background level763 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T20:21:07.551168
afec7aaeb2df
Background level763 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T20:24:10.765988
255be81da067
Background level760 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T20:31:10.198867
5b8159683592
Background level757 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T20:34:26.948833
af411a4ecba7
Background level753 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T20:37:30.227225
7e980ad54890
Background level751 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T20:40:33.410830
e8920380feec
Background level749 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T20:43:49.545064
dfc64e26e300
Background level748 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T20:46:52.716434
46990502b882
Background level746 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T20:49:55.978477
83c5d82db7ac
Background level745 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T20:53:16.588717
5a56f6ed0df5
Background level743 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-18T17:52:21.482623
4dde704d00d8
Stellar SNR estimate106.8 dimensionless165.4Lower model SNR in the sampled stars; changing star selection may contribute.
2026-10-18T17:56:40.631610
66d59c888e5c
Stellar SNR estimate103 dimensionless165.4Lower model SNR in the sampled stars; changing star selection may contribute.
2026-10-18T19:08:14.791077
389073bc6c3f
Star width (FWHM)3.56 sensor pixels2.805Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-18T19:10:34.807619
28e4db1afe9f
Star width (FWHM)3.358 sensor pixels2.805Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-18T19:16:52.271895
99ade5abbfd9
Star width (FWHM)3.461 sensor pixels2.805Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-18T19:23:45.654888
166352339621
Star width (FWHM)3.253 sensor pixels2.805Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-18T19:25:49.031875
d86452994ccd
Star width (FWHM)3.398 sensor pixels2.805Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-18T19:44:52.848878
977c58d253cc
Star width (FWHM)3.84 sensor pixels2.805Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-18T21:05:49.263353
63e85f956928
Star width (FWHM)3.374 sensor pixels2.805Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-18T21:39:22.527251
af1cd5eb8cae
Star width (FWHM)3.248 sensor pixels2.805Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-18T23:04:05.459491
50ce645ad5e9
Stellar SNR estimate108.8 dimensionless165.4Lower model SNR in the sampled stars; changing star selection may contribute.
2026-10-18T23:16:40.589405
df5df540cd80
Stellar SNR estimate108.1 dimensionless165.4Lower model SNR in the sampled stars; changing star selection may contribute.
2026-10-18T23:35:41.354702
be26a8ad62f8
Stellar SNR estimate117 dimensionless165.4Lower model SNR in the sampled stars; changing star selection may contribute.
2026-10-19T01:17:29.581067
84ad08ae9ed9
Star eccentricity0.718 dimensionless0.4556More elongated than this session; inspect tracking and field position. This is not a guiding measurement.
2026-10-19T01:17:29.581067
84ad08ae9ed9
Star width (FWHM)3.446 sensor pixels2.689Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-19T01:20:33.102930
c0610f3d7bd9
Star eccentricity0.7395 dimensionless0.4556More elongated than this session; inspect tracking and field position. This is not a guiding measurement.
2026-10-19T01:20:33.102930
c0610f3d7bd9
Star width (FWHM)3.393 sensor pixels2.689Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-19T01:22:36.240220
0437bbbd4107
Star width (FWHM)2.919 sensor pixels2.689Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-19T01:24:39.415342
7044f5858c07
Star width (FWHM)2.963 sensor pixels2.689Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-19T01:27:42.775147
6cf0ae217389
Star eccentricity0.7483 dimensionless0.4556More elongated than this session; inspect tracking and field position. This is not a guiding measurement.
2026-10-19T01:27:42.775147
6cf0ae217389
Star width (FWHM)3.396 sensor pixels2.689Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-19T01:29:45.877180
29ea0162ea52
Star eccentricity0.7545 dimensionless0.4556More elongated than this session; inspect tracking and field position. This is not a guiding measurement.
2026-10-19T01:29:45.877180
29ea0162ea52
Star width (FWHM)3.529 sensor pixels2.689Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-19T01:31:48.999634
fd478d97bfd6
Star eccentricity0.7202 dimensionless0.4556More elongated than this session; inspect tracking and field position. This is not a guiding measurement.
2026-10-19T01:31:48.999634
fd478d97bfd6
Star width (FWHM)3.528 sensor pixels2.689Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-19T01:34:52.433509
2e425932e1f4
Star eccentricity0.8191 dimensionless0.4556More elongated than this session; inspect tracking and field position. This is not a guiding measurement.
2026-10-19T01:34:52.433509
2e425932e1f4
Star width (FWHM)4.648 sensor pixels2.689Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-19T01:36:55.689135
e03e149459a2
Star eccentricity0.8691 dimensionless0.4556More elongated than this session; inspect tracking and field position. This is not a guiding measurement.
2026-10-19T01:36:55.689135
e03e149459a2
Star width (FWHM)4.464 sensor pixels2.689Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-19T01:38:58.831309
88c7aedda6b0
Star width (FWHM)3.167 sensor pixels2.689Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-19T01:42:03.110609
b6e54e97b07a
Star eccentricity0.8228 dimensionless0.4556More elongated than this session; inspect tracking and field position. This is not a guiding measurement.
2026-10-19T01:42:03.110609
b6e54e97b07a
Star width (FWHM)4.019 sensor pixels2.689Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-19T01:44:06.365933
4657bbc4aeec
Star eccentricity0.7528 dimensionless0.4556More elongated than this session; inspect tracking and field position. This is not a guiding measurement.
2026-10-19T01:44:06.365933
4657bbc4aeec
Star width (FWHM)3.675 sensor pixels2.689Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-19T01:46:09.556912
1619130f43bf
Star eccentricity0.7148 dimensionless0.4556More elongated than this session; inspect tracking and field position. This is not a guiding measurement.
2026-10-19T01:46:09.556912
1619130f43bf
Star width (FWHM)3.436 sensor pixels2.689Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-19T01:49:13.772796
8400306ffd3f
Star eccentricity0.8837 dimensionless0.4556More elongated than this session; inspect tracking and field position. This is not a guiding measurement.
2026-10-19T01:49:13.772796
8400306ffd3f
Star width (FWHM)4.64 sensor pixels2.689Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-19T01:53:20.417213
637b09a44479
Star eccentricity0.8614 dimensionless0.4556More elongated than this session; inspect tracking and field position. This is not a guiding measurement.
2026-10-19T01:53:20.417213
637b09a44479
Star width (FWHM)4.473 sensor pixels2.689Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-19T01:56:24.461344
ab1874375942
Star eccentricity0.805 dimensionless0.4556More elongated than this session; inspect tracking and field position. This is not a guiding measurement.
2026-10-19T01:56:24.461344
ab1874375942
Star width (FWHM)3.873 sensor pixels2.689Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-19T01:58:27.541541
edd61be5962e
Star eccentricity0.8049 dimensionless0.4556More elongated than this session; inspect tracking and field position. This is not a guiding measurement.
2026-10-19T01:58:27.541541
edd61be5962e
Star width (FWHM)3.874 sensor pixels2.689Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-19T02:03:13.091642
5b1d85736453
Star eccentricity0.7927 dimensionless0.4556More elongated than this session; inspect tracking and field position. This is not a guiding measurement.
2026-10-19T02:03:13.091642
5b1d85736453
Star width (FWHM)3.572 sensor pixels2.689Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-19T02:05:16.319640
c140bb85c855
Star eccentricity0.8838 dimensionless0.4556More elongated than this session; inspect tracking and field position. This is not a guiding measurement.
2026-10-19T02:05:16.319640
c140bb85c855
Star width (FWHM)4.228 sensor pixels2.689Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-19T02:07:19.494471
33d5e7f53b1b
Star eccentricity0.7433 dimensionless0.4556More elongated than this session; inspect tracking and field position. This is not a guiding measurement.
2026-10-19T02:07:19.494471
33d5e7f53b1b
Star width (FWHM)3.431 sensor pixels2.689Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-19T02:09:30.651805
140407da3369
Star width (FWHM)3.294 sensor pixels2.689Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-19T02:11:33.807570
2a060b99afad
Star eccentricity0.7346 dimensionless0.4556More elongated than this session; inspect tracking and field position. This is not a guiding measurement.
2026-10-19T02:11:33.807570
2a060b99afad
Star width (FWHM)3.558 sensor pixels2.689Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
Method, coverage and limitations

Review distance = (value − session median) / (1.4826 × MAD). The threshold 3.5 is an advisory rule, not statistical significance. At least 12 valid frames and 75% coverage are required; zero MAD is unavailable. SNR requires the existing gain and star-count checks. Background changes are flagged in either direction.

Shared tracking/focus problems can affect an entire night without producing an outlier. No independent validation labels exist yet. Raw-green sampling and changing star populations limit interpretation. RGB/DNB, exposure, method and recorded orientation remain separate; unknown metadata do not establish compatibility.

RGB · 120.0 s · session acq_aed4feba: Background level 93/93; Background scatter 93/93; Detected sources 0/93: too few valid session frames; Star eccentricity 93/93; Star width (FWHM) 93/93; Stellar SNR estimate 93/93. Unknown: device_id, filter, optical_configuration, readout_mode, recorded_orientation_deg.

RGB · 120.0 s · session acq_aed4feba: Background level 82/82; Background scatter 82/82; Detected sources 0/82: too few valid session frames; Star eccentricity 82/82; Star width (FWHM) 82/82; Stellar SNR estimate 82/82. Unknown: device_id, filter, optical_configuration, readout_mode, recorded_orientation_deg.

RGB · 300.0 s · session acq_6c03bd1f: Background level 13/13; Background scatter 13/13; Detected sources 0/13: too few valid session frames; Star eccentricity 13/13; Star width (FWHM) 13/13; Stellar SNR estimate 13/13. Unknown: device_id, filter, optical_configuration, readout_mode, recorded_orientation_deg.

RGB · 180.0 s · session acq_6c03bd1f: Background level 89/89; Background scatter 89/89; Detected sources 0/89: too few valid session frames; Star eccentricity 89/89; Star width (FWHM) 89/89; Stellar SNR estimate 89/89. Unknown: device_id, filter, optical_configuration, readout_mode, recorded_orientation_deg.

Method session-quality-assistant-1. Saved measurements and existing archive comparisons are unchanged.

Appendix · object history & literature

About this object · sources

Literature context, checked 3 November 2026; not measured from these images. Distances are approximate and depend on the adopted source.

Andromeda is visible to the unaided eye. Its first discoverer is unknown; 964 refers to the earliest known written report in al-Sufi's Book of Fixed Stars.

Combined project · source classes and scientific diagnostics

RGB combined

diagnostic_only · separate project diagnostic, not the selected main image.

Diagnostic combined preview; not a finished recommendation

Diagnostic combined preview; not a finished recommendation

422 unique exposures in the saved RGB product; 422 unique exposures across the available class masters below. Session and class masters are not counted again.

ModeExposureIncluded LightsIncluded time
RGB120.0 s1715 h 42 min
RGB300.0 s131 h 05 min
RGB30.0 s1090 h 54 min 30 s
RGB180.0 s1296 h 27 min

Dynamic range

additional_native_support · 38539 additional qualified pixels across the field; not automatically a galaxy-core recovery claim.

All-class invalid samples remain unqualified. Physical detector linearity must be documented for an accepted HDR claim.

Exposure-class contribution and qualified supportExposure-class contribution and qualified support
Same-transfer center, transition and outskirtsSame-transfer center, transition and outskirts
Instrumental radial and color-continuity diagnosticsInstrumental radial and color-continuity diagnostics

Saved measurements of the exact included originals, separated by mode. Star information uses a separately verified session image.

Blocked classes: [{'exposure_s': None, 'mode': None, 'reason': 'New master saved; improvement over the prior master is not established. Previous selected image retained.'}]

Method and limitations
{
  "available_class_count": 422,
  "blocked": [
    {
      "exposure_s": null,
      "mode": null,
      "reason": "New master saved; improvement over the prior master is not established. Previous selected image retained."
    }
  ],
  "classes": [
    {
      "exposure_s": 120.0,
      "integration_s": 20520.0,
      "member_count": 171,
      "mode": "RGB"
    },
    {
      "exposure_s": 300.0,
      "integration_s": 3900.0,
      "member_count": 13,
      "mode": "RGB"
    },
    {
      "exposure_s": 30.0,
      "integration_s": 3270.0,
      "member_count": 109,
      "mode": "RGB"
    },
    {
      "exposure_s": 180.0,
      "integration_s": 23220.0,
      "member_count": 129,
      "mode": "RGB"
    }
  ],
  "composite_state": "diagnostic_only",
  "continuation_note": null,
  "core_dynamic_range": "additional_native_support",
  "dnb_state": "awaiting_acquisition",
  "extra_native_support_pixels": 38539,
  "gain_review": {
    "after": {
      "integration_s": 50910.0,
      "lights": 422
    },
    "before": {
      "integration_s": 43530.0,
      "lights": 381
    },
    "measurements": {
      "background_tiles": 975,
      "baseline_qualified_stars": 64,
      "centroid_shift_p90_px": 0.20230967763651633,
      "covered_quadrants": 4,
      "matched_stars": 64,
      "median_width_ratio": 1.0289476546185323,
      "p90_width_ratio": 1.0603077267508458,
      "paired_star_fraction": 1.0,
      "relative_snr_proxy_rgb": [
        1.0601125592906495,
        1.0737555406115389,
        1.0468479458486681
      ],
      "valid_pair_fraction": 0.9998035370812984
    },
    "new_unique_lights": 41,
    "state": "review_required",
    "version": "paired-project-imaging-gain-2"
  },
  "geometric_crop": [
    142,
    98,
    6052,
    4042
  ],
  "integration_s": 50910.0,
  "label": "RGB combined",
  "limits": [
    "Imaging composite; never native qualified photometry or absolute flux.",
    "Empirical roughness weighting omits correlated/Poisson/scale uncertainties; no optimal-weight claim.",
    "Astroalign transform and control residuals are persisted; bitwise registration reproducibility is not claimed.",
    "No astrometric WCS certification; use verified original-session star explorer.",
    "All-class-invalid samples remain NaN; not filled, cloned or generated."
  ],
  "master_sha256": "79f7e1de89a8e1fe9b86963582ecfa8c73795fb51a83acbebb0d47e38332cdb5",
  "measurement_scope": "Saved measurements of the exact included originals, separated by mode. Star information uses a separately verified session image.",
  "photometry_scope": "Imaging-only relative-linear composition. Native session photometry is unchanged.",
  "preview_label": "Diagnostic combined preview; not a finished recommendation",
  "preview_reason": null,
  "preview_state": "diagnostic_display",
  "scale_evidence": [
    {
      "additive_offset_RGB": [
        0.0,
        0.0,
        0.0
      ],
      "reference": true,
      "scale_RGB": [
        1.0,
        1.0,
        1.0
      ]
    },
    {
      "additive_offset_RGB": [
        0.0018618046306073666,
        0.0030617881566286087,
        0.0021141599863767624
      ],
      "heldout_count": 293,
      "heldout_median_relative_residual_RGB": [
        -0.0035002049939643065,
        -7.740099747688411e-06,
        0.0015030323178493177
      ],
      "heldout_p90_absolute_relative_residual_RGB": [
        0.039524401765794484,
        0.01412939225596208,
        0.035094876349654275
      ],
      "median_aperture_size_ratio": 1.0849957111790514,
      "method": "Median sky-annulus-subtracted matched-star ratios, alternate-star heldout check; constant common low-tail offset",
      "offset_limit": "A constant offset cannot remove spatial sky/Flat errors; no fitted galaxy/background surface",
      "relative_MAD_RGB": [
        0.021684174727780545,
        0.008073974837200229,
        0.021006096875875
      ],
      "scale_RGB": [
        1.5925265060088794,
        1.5953927289261354,
        1.5809660658135314
      ],
      "scale_uncertainty": "Ratio dispersion retained; not propagated as a complete pixel covariance model",
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    },
    {
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      "relative_MAD_RGB": [
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      "scale_RGB": [
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        120,
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        124,
        125,
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        128,
        129,
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        132,
        133,
        134,
        135,
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        137,
        138,
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        140,
        141,
        142,
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        149,
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        421,
        422,
        423,
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        425,
        426,
        427,
        428,
        429,
        430,
        431,
        432,
        433,
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        435,
        436,
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        440,
        441,
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        447,
        448,
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        455,
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        459,
        460,
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        463,
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        465,
        466,
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        470,
        471,
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        473,
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        475,
        476,
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        480,
        481,
        482,
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        484,
        485,
        486,
        487,
        488,
        489,
        490,
        491,
        492,
        493,
        494,
        495,
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        497,
        498,
        499,
        500,
        501,
        503,
        504,
        505,
        506,
        507,
        508,
        509,
        510,
        511,
        512,
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        514,
        515,
        516,
        517,
        518,
        519,
        520,
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        522,
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        528,
        529,
        530,
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        532,
        533,
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        538,
        539,
        540,
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        542,
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      "train_count": 294
    },
    {
      "additive_offset_RGB": [
        -0.004469753243029118,
        -0.00495228823274374,
        -0.0027906466275453568
      ],
      "heldout_count": 293,
      "heldout_median_relative_residual_RGB": [
        0.0018020200984303347,
        0.0011208446847910114,
        -0.0014640390697195915
      ],
      "heldout_p90_absolute_relative_residual_RGB": [
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        0.017887800568739756,
        0.04157933748262631
      ],
      "median_aperture_size_ratio": 1.1754419997895453,
      "method": "Median sky-annulus-subtracted matched-star ratios, alternate-star heldout check; constant common low-tail offset",
      "offset_limit": "A constant offset cannot remove spatial sky/Flat errors; no fitted galaxy/background surface",
      "relative_MAD_RGB": [
        0.028720904723536143,
        0.010321373827087638,
        0.025183451874771286
      ],
      "scale_RGB": [
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        11.627990746887718,
        12.936471763069596
      ],
      "scale_uncertainty": "Ratio dispersion retained; not propagated as a complete pixel covariance model",
      "source_indices": [
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  ],
  "state": "partial",
  "unique_count": 422,
  "weight_policy": {
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      "units": "reference-scale relative linear; not absolute flux or exposure-normalized ADU",
      "variance_claim": "none: fixed empirical background roughness weights; Poisson, scale and covariance terms not propagated",
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  }
}

Latest combined project · input analysis

422 Lights · 14 h 08 min 30 s. These measurements belong to the current combined project, not to the retained main image.

Selected input exposures

Image quality at a glance

Selected inputs against your whole archive · RGB and DNB remain separate.

RGB · all contributing sessions

Star width / FWHM
2.98 sensor pixels
Current archive average3.00 sensor pixels
Difference -0.03
422/422 selected · archive 865/865 exposures · 11 sessions · 8 objects
Star shape / eccentricity
0.47 dimensionless
Current archive average0.45 dimensionless
Difference +0.02
422/422 selected · archive 865/865 exposures · 11 sessions · 8 objects
Background
747.09 ADU
Current archive average749.61 ADU
Difference -2.51
422/422 selected · archive 865/865 exposures · 11 sessions · 8 objects
Background scatter
38.01 ADU
Current archive average34.26 ADU
Difference +3.76
422/422 selected · archive 865/865 exposures · 11 sessions · 8 objects
Stellar model SNR
142.38 dimensionless
Current archive average138.73 dimensionless
Difference +3.65
422/422 selected · archive 865/865 exposures · 11 sessions · 8 objects
Stellar model estimate · different fields
Star width / FWHM
Selected exposure values · whole-archive RGB mean · physical sessions separated.
Star shape / eccentricity
Star shape / eccentricity
Selected exposure values · whole-archive RGB mean · physical sessions separated.
Background
Background
Selected exposure values · whole-archive RGB mean · physical sessions separated.
Background scatter
Background scatter
Selected exposure values · whole-archive RGB mean · physical sessions separated.
Stellar model SNR
Stellar model SNR
Selected exposure values · whole-archive RGB mean · physical sessions separated.
How this archive average is calculated

Each unique original exposure contributes once per valid saved metric. Arithmetic mean across all objects; RGB and DNB separate. Missing or invalid values are excluded, never zero. This descriptive reference includes the selected exposures and later nights.

Exposure, camera settings, field brightness, sampling and stellar populations may differ. Background and stellar model SNR are not normalized measures of sky quality, master SNR or detection sensitivity. A difference is not a grade.

Stored per-frame medians of stellar fits are averaged; stars are not pooled. SNR requires a positive recorded effective gain and at least five stellar estimates. Units remain separate. Unknown method versions are recorded, not invented. Small, undersampled stars may bias shape measurements.

Archive version ab3717b4ec376ea87d5261c94fe6dbbd42a97237e09422490b5844921d286006

Matched acquisition settings · original session-weighted comparison

Selected input exposures

Image quality at a glance

Measurements of the selected input exposures, not the finished master.

RGB · 180.0 s · 88 Lights

Acquisition settings & contributing sessions

180.0 s · Gain 100.0 · Archive snapshot 2026-11-09T03:24:34.927460+00:00

Recorded focal length: 611.0 mm · separate header/settings cohorts, not additional observing sessions.

Acquisition · 2026-10-16–2026-10-17 · recorded DATE-OBS

Execution version was not saved: this comparison is limited to the same observing session.

Star width (FWHM)
2.74 sensor pixels
Current archive average2.75 sensor pixels
Difference -0.02 sensor pixels
88/88 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Star shape
0.50 dimensionless
Current archive average0.51 dimensionless
Difference -0.00 dimensionless
88/88 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Eccentricity of stellar model fits
Background
734.02 ADU
Current archive average733.80 ADU
Difference +0.22 ADU
88/88 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Background scatter
43.22 ADU
Current archive average43.21 ADU
Difference +0.01 ADU
88/88 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Stellar SNR
130.60 dimensionless
Current archive average130.10 dimensionless
Difference +0.50 dimensionless
88/88 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Model estimate · same target field
Star width (FWHM) over time
Star width (FWHM) · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.
Star shape · Trend
Star shape over time
Star shape · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.
Background · Trend
Background over time
Background · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.
Background scatter · Trend
Background scatter over time
Background scatter · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.
Stellar SNR · Trend
Stellar SNR over time
Stellar SNR · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.

RGB · 300.0 s · 13 Lights

Acquisition settings & contributing sessions

300.0 s · Gain 100.0 · Archive snapshot 2026-11-09T03:24:34.927460+00:00

Recorded focal length: 611.0 mm · separate header/settings cohorts, not additional observing sessions.

Acquisition · 2026-10-16 · recorded DATE-OBS

Execution version was not saved: this comparison is limited to the same observing session.

Star width (FWHM)
2.71 sensor pixels
Current archive average2.71 sensor pixels
Difference 0.00 sensor pixels
13/13 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Star shape
0.43 dimensionless
Current archive average0.43 dimensionless
Difference 0.00 dimensionless
13/13 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Eccentricity of stellar model fits
Background
1,091.85 ADU
Current archive average1,091.85 ADU
Difference 0.00 ADU
13/13 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Background scatter
68.59 ADU
Current archive average68.59 ADU
Difference 0.00 ADU
13/13 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Stellar SNR
150.72 dimensionless
Current archive average150.72 dimensionless
Difference 0.00 dimensionless
13/13 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Model estimate · same target field
Star width (FWHM) over time
Star width (FWHM) · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.
Star shape · Trend
Star shape over time
Star shape · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.
Background · Trend
Background over time
Background · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.
Background scatter · Trend
Background scatter over time
Background scatter · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.
Stellar SNR · Trend
Stellar SNR over time
Stellar SNR · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.

RGB · 120.0 s · 78 Lights

Acquisition settings & contributing sessions

120.0 s · Gain 100.0 · Archive snapshot 2026-11-09T03:24:34.927460+00:00

Recorded focal length: 611.0 mm · separate header/settings cohorts, not additional observing sessions.

Acquisition · 2026-10-18–2026-10-19 · recorded DATE-OBS

Execution version was not saved: this comparison is limited to the same observing session.

Star width (FWHM)
2.97 sensor pixels
Current archive average3.04 sensor pixels
Difference -0.07 sensor pixels
78/78 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Star shape
0.54 dimensionless
Current archive average0.55 dimensionless
Difference -0.02 dimensionless
78/78 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Eccentricity of stellar model fits
Background
788.22 ADU
Current archive average789.18 ADU
Difference -0.96 ADU
78/78 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Background scatter
41.10 ADU
Current archive average41.15 ADU
Difference -0.05 ADU
78/78 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Stellar SNR
131.91 dimensionless
Current archive average132.63 dimensionless
Difference -0.72 dimensionless
78/78 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Model estimate · same target field
Star width (FWHM) over time
Star width (FWHM) · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.
Star shape · Trend
Star shape over time
Star shape · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.
Background · Trend
Background over time
Background · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.
Background scatter · Trend
Background scatter over time
Background scatter · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.
Stellar SNR · Trend
Stellar SNR over time
Stellar SNR · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.

RGB · 30.0 s · 109 Lights

Acquisition settings & contributing sessions

30.0 s · Gain 100.0 · Archive snapshot 2026-11-09T03:24:34.927460+00:00

Recorded focal length: 611.0 mm · separate header/settings cohorts, not additional observing sessions.

Acquisition · 2026-11-06 · recorded DATE-OBS

Execution version was not saved: this comparison is limited to the same observing session.

Star width (FWHM)
3.16 sensor pixels
Current archive average3.16 sensor pixels
Difference 0.00 sensor pixels
109/109 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Star shape
0.45 dimensionless
Current archive average0.45 dimensionless
Difference 0.00 dimensionless
109/109 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Eccentricity of stellar model fits
Background
581.56 ADU
Current archive average581.56 ADU
Difference 0.00 ADU
109/109 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Background scatter
20.23 ADU
Current archive average20.23 ADU
Difference 0.00 ADU
109/109 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Stellar SNR
117.53 dimensionless
Current archive average117.53 dimensionless
Difference 0.00 dimensionless
109/109 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Model estimate · same target field
Star width (FWHM) over time
Star width (FWHM) · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.
Star shape · Trend
Star shape over time
Star shape · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.
Background · Trend
Background over time
Background · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.
Background scatter · Trend
Background scatter over time
Background scatter · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.
Stellar SNR · Trend
Stellar SNR over time
Stellar SNR · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.

RGB · 180.0 s · 41 Lights

Acquisition settings & contributing sessions

180.0 s · Gain 100.0 · Archive snapshot 2026-11-09T03:24:34.927460+00:00

Recorded focal length: 611.0 mm · separate header/settings cohorts, not additional observing sessions.

RGB Session 4 · 2026-11-07

Execution version was not saved: this comparison is limited to the same observing session.

Star width (FWHM)
3.36 sensor pixels
Current archive average3.40 sensor pixels
Difference -0.04 sensor pixels
41/41 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Star shape
0.42 dimensionless
Current archive average0.42 dimensionless
Difference -0.01 dimensionless
41/41 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Eccentricity of stellar model fits
Background
745.83 ADU
Current archive average745.69 ADU
Difference +0.14 ADU
41/41 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Background scatter
43.19 ADU
Current archive average43.19 ADU
Difference +0.00 ADU
41/41 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Stellar SNR
205.25 dimensionless
Current archive average205.95 dimensionless
Difference -0.70 dimensionless
41/41 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Model estimate · same target field
Star width (FWHM) over time
Star width (FWHM) · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.
Star shape · Trend
Star shape over time
Star shape · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.
Background · Trend
Background over time
Background · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.
Background scatter · Trend
Background scatter over time
Background scatter · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.
Stellar SNR · Trend
Stellar SNR over time
Stellar SNR · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.

RGB · 120.0 s · 93 Lights

Acquisition settings & contributing sessions

120.0 s · Gain 100.0 · Archive snapshot 2026-11-09T03:24:34.927460+00:00

Recorded focal length: 612.0 mm · separate header/settings cohorts, not additional observing sessions.

Acquisition · 2026-10-18 · recorded DATE-OBS

Execution version was not saved: this comparison is limited to the same observing session.

Star width (FWHM)
2.86 sensor pixels
Current archive average2.86 sensor pixels
Difference 0.00 sensor pixels
93/93 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Star shape
0.44 dimensionless
Current archive average0.44 dimensionless
Difference 0.00 dimensionless
93/93 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Eccentricity of stellar model fits
Background
871.35 ADU
Current archive average871.35 ADU
Difference 0.00 ADU
93/93 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Background scatter
44.77 ADU
Current archive average44.77 ADU
Difference 0.00 ADU
93/93 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Stellar SNR
162.56 dimensionless
Current archive average162.56 dimensionless
Difference 0.00 dimensionless
93/93 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Model estimate · same target field
Star width (FWHM) over time
Star width (FWHM) · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.
Star shape · Trend
Star shape over time
Star shape · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.
Background · Trend
Background over time
Background · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.
Background scatter · Trend
Background scatter over time
Background scatter · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.
Stellar SNR · Trend
Stellar SNR over time
Stellar SNR · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.

Provisional star fits · stellar SNR is a model estimate, not master SNR.

Reading these values

Provisional stellar models: undersampled stars can bias the measurements. Differences are not quality grades. Stellar SNR is not nebular or master-image SNR.

Explore stars in the image

Verified session image, not the combined complete image · RGB · 2026-10-18

569 verified identities; 12 spatially distributed highlights. Query: G < 16, at most 5000 sources; fainter neighbours may be absent.

Farb-Helligkeits-Diagramm · Gaia G / BP−RP

Scheinbare Kataloghelligkeit, kein HR-Diagramm; Staub und Distance wirken mit.

G (mag)BP−RP (mag)
Identity, data and limitations

Holdout residual: median 0.6042582315217044 px; 95 % 1.0720450907640968 px. G<16; fainter neighbours may be absent. Historical solver training set is unknown.

Temperature, mass and radius are catalogue model estimates, not stellar parameters measured from this photograph.

Exact catalogue values and geometry

Science & measurements

Experimental photometry · no confirmed transit. 6 unresolved technical review items.

Histograms, light curves & event evidence

Intensity histograms

RGB · 422/422 original exposures measured.

RGB · Raw pixel values

ADU · decoded digital value · Pixel count per bin; not a wavelength spectrum.

-0.56.554e+042.49e+09BG1G2R

All saved bins, including negative values.

Exact counts and measured valuesWerte und Darstellungsbins · Complete unchanged bins (NPZ)

Histogram of this display product is unavailable.

Events · technical review

Searched · technical review pending

6 unresolved technical review items · 46 Gaia IDs searched · 8688 tested windows. Windows are not independent events.

No confirmed transit. Short artifact clusters and time-correlated errors can pass this screening. Real periodic search: insufficient coverage; no globally calibrated false-alarm probability is available.

Saved event evidenceTest windows, supporting exposures and limitations

Gaia 381220030180351360 · 7.51 % relative depth · 15 min · cause unresolved.

Gaia 369193980014906752 · 15.02 % relative depth · 15 min · cause unresolved.

Gaia 381289329476254720 · 17.78 % relative depth · 15 min · cause unresolved.

Gaia 369222193658888320 · 9.72 % relative depth · 15 min · cause unresolved.

Gaia 369127395139218560 · 6.92 % relative depth · 60 min · cause unresolved.

Gaia 375307715639087616 · 19.74 % relative depth · 15 min · cause unresolved.

Photometry precision and sampling · experimental

Photometry & transit readiness

Individual native exposures, independent of the final display/HDR image. Conditional measurement errors include the comparison ensemble; shared systematics remain outside that model.

M31 — Andromeda Galaxy · RGB · 300 s · 13 frames

measured diagnostics · 13 timed frames; 0 timing exclusions.

Separate segment 9c342b8e: 1.24 h span · 303.3 s median cadence · 87.6% exposure duty · 1 large gap(s); 0 overlapping recorded intervals (bins unavailable when present).

0.6181.3762.1332.890Robust scatter (%)12.713.3Gaia G magnitude (catalogue)

Brightness comparison is observational: sources share sky and calibration; points are not independent trials.

Gaia 381203189614455680 · G 12.69

13/13 valid epochs · robust scatter 0.90% · median conditional error 0.88%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9560.9821.0081.035Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential2.571.7Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 100–100% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.62% · 5 usable bins · 7 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 50–50% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 15 min: 0.81% · 4 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 300–600 s integrated, 33–67% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.32% · 2 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–5 exposures/bin, 300–1500 s integrated, 17–83% coverage.
Gaia 381184944593395968 · G 12.89

13/13 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.06% · median conditional error 0.95%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9660.9871.0081.029Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential2.571.7Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 100–100% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.46% · 5 usable bins · 7 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 50–50% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 15 min: 0.88% · 4 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 300–600 s integrated, 33–67% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.76% · 2 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–5 exposures/bin, 300–1500 s integrated, 17–83% coverage.
Gaia 381135986260425984 · G 13.02

13/13 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.73% · median conditional error 1.42%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9420.9831.0231.063Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential2.571.7Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 100–100% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 3.44% · 5 usable bins · 7 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 50–50% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 15 min: 2.33% · 4 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 300–600 s integrated, 33–67% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.17% · 2 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–5 exposures/bin, 300–1500 s integrated, 17–83% coverage.
Gaia 381214498262497920 · G 13.05

13/13 valid epochs · robust scatter 0.82% · median conditional error 1.12%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9410.9721.0041.035Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential2.571.7Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 100–100% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.82% · 5 usable bins · 7 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 50–50% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 15 min: 0.60% · 4 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 300–600 s integrated, 33–67% coverage.
  • 30 min: 1.06% · 2 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–5 exposures/bin, 300–1500 s integrated, 17–83% coverage.
Gaia 381141758696449280 · G 13.07

13/13 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.68% · median conditional error 0.89%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9610.9901.0201.049Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential2.571.7Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 100–100% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.68% · 5 usable bins · 7 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 50–50% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 15 min: 1.64% · 4 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 300–600 s integrated, 33–67% coverage.
  • 30 min: 1.39% · 2 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–5 exposures/bin, 300–1500 s integrated, 17–83% coverage.
Gaia 369243256178304128 · G 13.09

13/13 valid epochs · robust scatter 0.84% · median conditional error 0.88%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9680.9901.0111.033Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential2.571.7Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 100–100% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.00% · 5 usable bins · 7 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 50–50% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 15 min: 1.17% · 4 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 300–600 s integrated, 33–67% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.14% · 2 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–5 exposures/bin, 300–1500 s integrated, 17–83% coverage.
Gaia 381183333980030336 · G 13.14

13/13 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.53% · median conditional error 1.37%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9200.9731.0261.079Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential2.571.7Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 100–100% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 3.42% · 5 usable bins · 7 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 50–50% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 15 min: 1.11% · 4 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 300–600 s integrated, 33–67% coverage.
  • 30 min: 3.28% · 2 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–5 exposures/bin, 300–1500 s integrated, 17–83% coverage.
Gaia 369147255067950720 · G 13.16

13/13 valid epochs · robust scatter 0.77% · median conditional error 0.98%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9600.9901.0201.050Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential2.571.7Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 100–100% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.97% · 5 usable bins · 7 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 50–50% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 15 min: 1.27% · 4 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 300–600 s integrated, 33–67% coverage.
  • 30 min: 1.51% · 2 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–5 exposures/bin, 300–1500 s integrated, 17–83% coverage.
Gaia 369222193658888320 · G 13.16

13/13 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.21% · median conditional error 0.98%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9660.9911.0161.041Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential2.571.7Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 100–100% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.56% · 5 usable bins · 7 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 50–50% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 15 min: 0.29% · 4 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 300–600 s integrated, 33–67% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.78% · 2 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–5 exposures/bin, 300–1500 s integrated, 17–83% coverage.
Gaia 369127395139218560 · G 13.18

13/13 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.08% · median conditional error 1.38%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9610.9911.0201.050Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential2.571.7Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 100–100% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.08% · 5 usable bins · 7 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 50–50% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 15 min: 0.36% · 4 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 300–600 s integrated, 33–67% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.04% · 2 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–5 exposures/bin, 300–1500 s integrated, 17–83% coverage.
Gaia 375307715639087616 · G 13.24

13/13 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.08% · median conditional error 1.02%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.7100.8360.9611.087Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential2.571.7Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 100–100% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.68% · 5 usable bins · 7 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 50–50% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 15 min: 1.80% · 4 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 300–600 s integrated, 33–67% coverage.
  • 30 min: 10.32% · 2 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–5 exposures/bin, 300–1500 s integrated, 17–83% coverage.
Gaia 369291256732926336 · G 13.25

13/13 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.14% · median conditional error 1.17%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9690.9941.0181.043Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential2.571.7Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 100–100% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.25% · 5 usable bins · 7 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 50–50% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 15 min: 0.50% · 4 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 300–600 s integrated, 33–67% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.46% · 2 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–5 exposures/bin, 300–1500 s integrated, 17–83% coverage.
Gaia 381152272776336640 · G 13.26

13/13 valid epochs · robust scatter 0.86% · median conditional error 1.09%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9790.9961.0131.030Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential2.571.7Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 100–100% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.33% · 5 usable bins · 7 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 50–50% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 15 min: 0.27% · 4 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 300–600 s integrated, 33–67% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.75% · 2 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–5 exposures/bin, 300–1500 s integrated, 17–83% coverage.
Gaia 381165810513518720 · G 13.28

13/13 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.55% · median conditional error 1.09%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9670.9901.0121.034Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential2.571.7Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 100–100% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.68% · 5 usable bins · 7 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 50–50% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 15 min: 0.95% · 4 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 300–600 s integrated, 33–67% coverage.
  • 30 min: 1.25% · 2 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–5 exposures/bin, 300–1500 s integrated, 17–83% coverage.
Gaia 381173472735157120 · G 13.28

13/13 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.47% · median conditional error 1.17%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9670.9921.0171.042Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential2.571.7Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 100–100% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 2.68% · 5 usable bins · 7 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 50–50% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 15 min: 0.87% · 4 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 300–600 s integrated, 33–67% coverage.
  • 30 min: 1.32% · 2 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–5 exposures/bin, 300–1500 s integrated, 17–83% coverage.
Gaia 369252739466052352 · G 13.30

13/13 valid epochs · robust scatter 0.78% · median conditional error 1.27%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9570.9901.0231.056Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential2.571.7Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 100–100% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.47% · 5 usable bins · 7 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 300–300 s integrated, 50–50% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 15 min: 1.23% · 4 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 300–600 s integrated, 33–67% coverage.
  • 30 min: 1.53% · 2 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–5 exposures/bin, 300–1500 s integrated, 17–83% coverage.

Recommended next acquisition: characterize unsaturated stars with matched short-exposure Darks and same-session Flats, then keep one exposure/filter configuration through a dedicated known-host event and its before/after baseline. There is no real 60/120 s improvement demonstrated here.

Timing, uncertainty and applicability
  • Not calibrated standard magnitudes. Native G1+G2 response/Flat/pixel-phase and shared errors remain unbounded.
  • Recorded header start times support relative intervals; TIMESYS and clock accuracy are not established. No BJD_TDB.
  • References exclude each target but share sky/calibration systematics. Conditional errors hold median normalizations fixed.
  • No new search is run here. Existing event evidence and eligibility are retained; review scores are not calibrated false-alarm probabilities.
  • No new aperture is promoted. Mixed exposures, passbands, nights and calibration/angle segments stay separate.
M31 — Andromeda Galaxy · RGB · 180 s · 88 frames

measured diagnostics · 88 timed frames; 0 timing exclusions.

Separate segment 56de51e2: 2.41 h span · 183.3 s median cadence · 89.2% exposure duty · 2 large gap(s); 0 overlapping recorded intervals (bins unavailable when present).

Separate segment 54571c9d: 2.55 h span · 183.5 s median cadence · 88.2% exposure duty · 3 large gap(s); 0 overlapping recorded intervals (bins unavailable when present).

1.0251.5652.1062.646Robust scatter (%)13.013.3Gaia G magnitude (catalogue)

Brightness comparison is observational: sources share sky and calibration; points are not independent trials.

Gaia 369284419145014528 · G 12.95

43/43 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.64% · median conditional error 1.12%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9540.9911.0291.066Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.5143.1Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 0.89% · 18 usable bins · 25 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.39% · 13 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.29% · 8 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 360–720 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 2.01% · 5 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 6–9 exposures/bin, 1080–1620 s integrated, 60–90% coverage.
Gaia 381169005969155584 · G 13.07

43/43 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.87% · median conditional error 1.45%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.8880.9481.0071.067Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.5143.1Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.20% · 18 usable bins · 25 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.14% · 13 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.43% · 8 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 360–720 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 1.16% · 5 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 6–9 exposures/bin, 1080–1620 s integrated, 60–90% coverage.
Gaia 381191580317044992 · G 13.13

43/43 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.44% · median conditional error 1.02%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9610.9881.0151.042Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.5143.1Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.20% · 18 usable bins · 25 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.57% · 13 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.72% · 8 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 360–720 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.97% · 5 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 6–9 exposures/bin, 1080–1620 s integrated, 60–90% coverage.
Gaia 381183333980030336 · G 13.14

43/43 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.82% · median conditional error 1.58%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9340.9791.0241.069Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.5143.1Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 2.34% · 18 usable bins · 25 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.83% · 13 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.21% · 8 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 360–720 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.60% · 5 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 6–9 exposures/bin, 1080–1620 s integrated, 60–90% coverage.
Gaia 369222193658888320 · G 13.16

43/43 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.53% · median conditional error 1.16%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9630.9951.0271.059Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.5143.1Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.57% · 18 usable bins · 25 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.57% · 13 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.02% · 8 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 360–720 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.33% · 5 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 6–9 exposures/bin, 1080–1620 s integrated, 60–90% coverage.
Gaia 369152439091358592 · G 13.17

43/43 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.45% · median conditional error 1.17%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9440.9841.0231.062Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.5143.1Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 0.93% · 18 usable bins · 25 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.20% · 13 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.86% · 8 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 360–720 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.76% · 5 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 6–9 exposures/bin, 1080–1620 s integrated, 60–90% coverage.
Gaia 387312802066050432 · G 13.19

43/43 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.14% · median conditional error 1.20%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9600.9881.0151.042Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.5143.1Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.33% · 18 usable bins · 25 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.23% · 13 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.97% · 8 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 360–720 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.62% · 5 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 6–9 exposures/bin, 1080–1620 s integrated, 60–90% coverage.
Gaia 375287340314289664 · G 13.23

43/43 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.28% · median conditional error 1.12%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9540.9871.0201.053Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.5143.1Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 0.95% · 18 usable bins · 25 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.58% · 13 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.63% · 8 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 360–720 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.72% · 5 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 6–9 exposures/bin, 1080–1620 s integrated, 60–90% coverage.
Gaia 369291256732926336 · G 13.25

43/43 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.53% · median conditional error 1.34%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9520.9881.0251.061Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.5143.1Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.29% · 18 usable bins · 25 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.85% · 13 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.98% · 8 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 360–720 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.16% · 5 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 6–9 exposures/bin, 1080–1620 s integrated, 60–90% coverage.
Gaia 375237037657363456 · G 13.27

43/43 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.54% · median conditional error 1.13%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9560.9871.0171.048Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.5143.1Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 0.84% · 18 usable bins · 25 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.00% · 13 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.17% · 8 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 360–720 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.53% · 5 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 6–9 exposures/bin, 1080–1620 s integrated, 60–90% coverage.
Gaia 381173472735157120 · G 13.28

43/43 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.32% · median conditional error 1.36%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9510.9851.0191.053Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.5143.1Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.25% · 18 usable bins · 25 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.47% · 13 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.90% · 8 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 360–720 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.30% · 5 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 6–9 exposures/bin, 1080–1620 s integrated, 60–90% coverage.
Gaia 369252739466052352 · G 13.30

43/43 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.78% · median conditional error 1.52%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9460.9861.0271.067Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.5143.1Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.93% · 18 usable bins · 25 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.90% · 13 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.16% · 8 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 360–720 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.15% · 5 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 6–9 exposures/bin, 1080–1620 s integrated, 60–90% coverage.
Gaia 381278201223285120 · G 13.30

43/43 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.20% · median conditional error 1.29%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9260.9691.0121.055Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.5143.1Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.72% · 18 usable bins · 25 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.13% · 13 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.45% · 8 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 360–720 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.38% · 5 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 6–9 exposures/bin, 1080–1620 s integrated, 60–90% coverage.
Gaia 375224187115252736 · G 13.31

43/43 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.60% · median conditional error 1.19%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9500.9861.0231.060Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.5143.1Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.36% · 18 usable bins · 25 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.50% · 13 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.38% · 8 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 360–720 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 1.29% · 5 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 6–9 exposures/bin, 1080–1620 s integrated, 60–90% coverage.
Gaia 369193980014906752 · G 13.32

43/43 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.65% · median conditional error 1.15%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.7350.8430.9511.058Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.5143.1Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.79% · 18 usable bins · 25 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.23% · 13 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.83% · 8 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 360–720 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.39% · 5 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 6–9 exposures/bin, 1080–1620 s integrated, 60–90% coverage.
Gaia 381224084629507328 · G 13.32

43/43 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.09% · median conditional error 1.46%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9260.9711.0161.061Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.5143.1Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 2.14% · 18 usable bins · 25 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 2.82% · 13 usable bins · 12 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.17% · 8 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 360–720 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 1.22% · 5 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 6–9 exposures/bin, 1080–1620 s integrated, 60–90% coverage.
Gaia 369284419145014528 · G 12.95

45/45 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.91% · median conditional error 1.10%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9440.9841.0231.062Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential164.2314.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 2.09% · 19 usable bins · 26 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.58% · 12 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.70% · 10 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–4 exposures/bin, 180–720 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.85% · 5 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–9 exposures/bin, 180–1620 s integrated, 10–90% coverage.
Gaia 381169005969155584 · G 13.07

45/45 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.53% · median conditional error 1.38%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9250.9701.0161.061Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential164.2314.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 2.71% · 19 usable bins · 26 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 2.14% · 12 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.93% · 10 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–4 exposures/bin, 180–720 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.32% · 5 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–9 exposures/bin, 180–1620 s integrated, 10–90% coverage.
Gaia 381191580317044992 · G 13.13

45/45 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.35% · median conditional error 0.98%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9380.9801.0231.066Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential164.2314.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.32% · 19 usable bins · 26 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.40% · 12 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.49% · 10 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–4 exposures/bin, 180–720 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.93% · 5 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–9 exposures/bin, 180–1620 s integrated, 10–90% coverage.
Gaia 381183333980030336 · G 13.14

45/45 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.14% · median conditional error 1.52%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9360.9841.0311.078Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential164.2314.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.95% · 19 usable bins · 26 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.10% · 12 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.30% · 10 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–4 exposures/bin, 180–720 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.60% · 5 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–9 exposures/bin, 180–1620 s integrated, 10–90% coverage.
Gaia 369222193658888320 · G 13.16

45/45 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.89% · median conditional error 1.10%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.8030.8990.9951.091Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential164.2314.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.59% · 19 usable bins · 26 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 2.31% · 12 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 2.38% · 10 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–4 exposures/bin, 180–720 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.69% · 5 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–9 exposures/bin, 180–1620 s integrated, 10–90% coverage.
Gaia 369152439091358592 · G 13.17

45/45 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.81% · median conditional error 1.13%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9430.9811.0191.057Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential164.2314.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 2.55% · 19 usable bins · 26 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.60% · 12 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.57% · 10 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–4 exposures/bin, 180–720 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 1.28% · 5 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–9 exposures/bin, 180–1620 s integrated, 10–90% coverage.
Gaia 387312802066050432 · G 13.19

45/45 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.12% · median conditional error 1.16%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9460.9841.0231.061Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential164.2314.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.58% · 19 usable bins · 26 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.53% · 12 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.72% · 10 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–4 exposures/bin, 180–720 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 1.02% · 5 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–9 exposures/bin, 180–1620 s integrated, 10–90% coverage.
Gaia 375287340314289664 · G 13.23

45/45 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.09% · median conditional error 1.08%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9390.9781.0171.056Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential164.2314.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 3.02% · 19 usable bins · 26 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.33% · 12 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 2.17% · 10 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–4 exposures/bin, 180–720 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.55% · 5 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–9 exposures/bin, 180–1620 s integrated, 10–90% coverage.
Gaia 369291256732926336 · G 13.25

45/45 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.58% · median conditional error 1.31%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9450.9871.0281.070Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential164.2314.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.67% · 19 usable bins · 26 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.81% · 12 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.50% · 10 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–4 exposures/bin, 180–720 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 1.14% · 5 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–9 exposures/bin, 180–1620 s integrated, 10–90% coverage.
Gaia 375237037657363456 · G 13.27

45/45 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.73% · median conditional error 1.10%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9440.9781.0131.047Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential164.2314.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.49% · 19 usable bins · 26 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.70% · 12 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.61% · 10 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–4 exposures/bin, 180–720 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.35% · 5 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–9 exposures/bin, 180–1620 s integrated, 10–90% coverage.
Gaia 381173472735157120 · G 13.28

45/45 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.89% · median conditional error 1.31%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9280.9741.0191.065Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential164.2314.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.46% · 19 usable bins · 26 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.50% · 12 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.08% · 10 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–4 exposures/bin, 180–720 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.97% · 5 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–9 exposures/bin, 180–1620 s integrated, 10–90% coverage.
Gaia 369252739466052352 · G 13.30

45/45 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.98% · median conditional error 1.45%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9330.9771.0201.064Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential164.2314.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 2.56% · 19 usable bins · 26 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.80% · 12 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.65% · 10 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–4 exposures/bin, 180–720 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.25% · 5 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–9 exposures/bin, 180–1620 s integrated, 10–90% coverage.
Gaia 381278201223285120 · G 13.30

45/45 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.32% · median conditional error 1.25%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9460.9921.0391.085Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential164.2314.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 2.57% · 19 usable bins · 26 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 2.51% · 12 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.59% · 10 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–4 exposures/bin, 180–720 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.77% · 5 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–9 exposures/bin, 180–1620 s integrated, 10–90% coverage.
Gaia 375224187115252736 · G 13.31

45/45 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.43% · median conditional error 1.16%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9490.9841.0181.053Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential164.2314.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.34% · 19 usable bins · 26 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.16% · 12 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.82% · 10 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–4 exposures/bin, 180–720 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.73% · 5 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–9 exposures/bin, 180–1620 s integrated, 10–90% coverage.
Gaia 369193980014906752 · G 13.32

45/45 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.32% · median conditional error 1.11%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9070.9671.0281.088Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential164.2314.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 2.40% · 19 usable bins · 26 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.04% · 12 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.48% · 10 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–4 exposures/bin, 180–720 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.07% · 5 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–9 exposures/bin, 180–1620 s integrated, 10–90% coverage.
Gaia 381224084629507328 · G 13.32

45/45 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.44% · median conditional error 1.40%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9220.9711.0201.069Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential164.2314.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 2.20% · 19 usable bins · 26 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–1 exposures/bin, 180–180 s integrated, 60–60% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 1.90% · 12 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–3 exposures/bin, 180–540 s integrated, 30–90% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.75% · 10 usable bins · 8 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–4 exposures/bin, 180–720 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 30 min: 1.19% · 5 usable bins · 4 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–9 exposures/bin, 180–1620 s integrated, 10–90% coverage.

Recommended next acquisition: characterize unsaturated stars with matched short-exposure Darks and same-session Flats, then keep one exposure/filter configuration through a dedicated known-host event and its before/after baseline. There is no real 60/120 s improvement demonstrated here.

Timing, uncertainty and applicability
  • Not calibrated standard magnitudes. Native G1+G2 response/Flat/pixel-phase and shared errors remain unbounded.
  • Recorded header start times support relative intervals; TIMESYS and clock accuracy are not established. No BJD_TDB.
  • References exclude each target but share sky/calibration systematics. Conditional errors hold median normalizations fixed.
  • No new search is run here. Existing event evidence and eligibility are retained; review scores are not calibrated false-alarm probabilities.
  • No new aperture is promoted. Mixed exposures, passbands, nights and calibration/angle segments stay separate.
M31 — Andromeda Galaxy · RGB · 120 s · 55 frames

measured diagnostics · 55 timed frames; 0 timing exclusions.

Separate segment c89e6af2: 0.14 h span · 190.4 s median cadence · 71.9% exposure duty · 0 large gap(s); 0 overlapping recorded intervals (bins unavailable when present).

Separate segment 79cd3312: 2.01 h span · 123.5 s median cadence · 86.0% exposure duty · 2 large gap(s); 0 overlapping recorded intervals (bins unavailable when present).

1.3441.9522.5593.167Robust scatter (%)12.513.1Gaia G magnitude (catalogue)

Brightness comparison is observational: sources share sky and calibration; points are not independent trials.

Gaia 387328023430130176 · G 12.54

3/3 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.82% · median conditional error 2.37%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9450.9791.0131.047Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.07.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 60–60% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 40–40% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 20–20% coverage.
Gaia 381203189614455680 · G 12.69

3/3 valid epochs · robust scatter 0.61% · median conditional error 1.98%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9700.9951.0211.046Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.07.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 60–60% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 40–40% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 20–20% coverage.
Gaia 375221124801262208 · G 12.85

3/3 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.00% · median conditional error 2.80%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9490.9941.0391.084Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.07.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 60–60% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 40–40% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 20–20% coverage.
Gaia 381222813319199744 · G 12.86

3/3 valid epochs · robust scatter 0.07% · median conditional error 2.94%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9360.9701.0041.038Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.07.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 60–60% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 40–40% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 20–20% coverage.
Gaia 381135986260425984 · G 13.02

3/3 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.71% · median conditional error 3.42%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9200.9681.0151.063Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.07.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 60–60% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 40–40% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 20–20% coverage.
Gaia 381296858563921408 · G 13.04

3/3 valid epochs · robust scatter 0.75% · median conditional error 2.31%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9650.9871.0101.032Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.07.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 60–60% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 40–40% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 20–20% coverage.
Gaia 381214498262497920 · G 13.05

3/3 valid epochs · robust scatter 5.68% · median conditional error 2.68%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9020.9611.0191.078Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.07.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 60–60% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 40–40% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 20–20% coverage.
Gaia 381318024162717184 · G 13.05

3/3 valid epochs · robust scatter 4.30% · median conditional error 2.24%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9400.9821.0231.064Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.07.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 60–60% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 40–40% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 20–20% coverage.
Gaia 369013458245712128 · G 13.07

3/3 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.78% · median conditional error 2.41%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9040.9531.0031.052Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.07.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 60–60% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 40–40% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 20–20% coverage.
Gaia 381141758696449280 · G 13.07

3/3 valid epochs · robust scatter 0.55% · median conditional error 1.93%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9730.9921.0101.029Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.07.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 60–60% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 40–40% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 20–20% coverage.
Gaia 381169005969155584 · G 13.07

3/3 valid epochs · robust scatter 0.63% · median conditional error 2.67%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9570.9831.0091.035Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.07.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 60–60% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 40–40% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 20–20% coverage.
Gaia 381136776534401664 · G 13.08

3/3 valid epochs · robust scatter 3.26% · median conditional error 2.23%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9260.9681.0101.052Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.07.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 60–60% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 40–40% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 20–20% coverage.
Gaia 369243256178304128 · G 13.09

3/3 valid epochs · robust scatter 0.09% · median conditional error 2.00%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9740.9921.0091.026Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.07.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 60–60% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 40–40% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 20–20% coverage.
Gaia 381416018126720000 · G 13.10

3/3 valid epochs · robust scatter 0.25% · median conditional error 2.15%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9710.9961.0211.046Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.07.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 60–60% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 40–40% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 20–20% coverage.
Gaia 381322731444065920 · G 13.11

3/3 valid epochs · robust scatter 0.48% · median conditional error 1.99%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9710.9911.0101.030Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.07.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 60–60% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 40–40% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 20–20% coverage.
Gaia 375300293935503744 · G 13.12

3/3 valid epochs · robust scatter 0.85% · median conditional error 2.52%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9571.0161.0751.134Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.07.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: 0.00% · 1 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 60–60% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 40–40% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 3–3 exposures/bin, 360–360 s integrated, 20–20% coverage.
Gaia 387328023430130176 · G 12.54

52/52 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.30% · median conditional error 2.15%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9180.9831.0481.113Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential9.4128.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.22% · 9 usable bins · 20 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 1.08% · 11 usable bins · 10 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 240–480 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.89% · 8 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.23% · 4 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 11–13 exposures/bin, 1320–1560 s integrated, 73–87% coverage.
Gaia 381203189614455680 · G 12.69

52/52 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.47% · median conditional error 1.83%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9160.9791.0421.104Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential9.4128.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 0.80% · 9 usable bins · 20 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 1.31% · 11 usable bins · 10 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 240–480 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.83% · 8 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.21% · 4 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 11–13 exposures/bin, 1320–1560 s integrated, 73–87% coverage.
Gaia 375221124801262208 · G 12.85

52/52 valid epochs · robust scatter 3.04% · median conditional error 2.48%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9110.9831.0561.128Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential9.4128.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.55% · 9 usable bins · 20 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 1.56% · 11 usable bins · 10 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 240–480 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.82% · 8 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.82% · 4 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 11–13 exposures/bin, 1320–1560 s integrated, 73–87% coverage.
Gaia 381222813319199744 · G 12.86

52/52 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.45% · median conditional error 2.62%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9040.9801.0561.133Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential9.4128.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.77% · 9 usable bins · 20 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 1.04% · 11 usable bins · 10 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 240–480 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.24% · 8 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.24% · 4 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 11–13 exposures/bin, 1320–1560 s integrated, 73–87% coverage.
Gaia 381135986260425984 · G 13.02

52/52 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.21% · median conditional error 3.08%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.8600.9481.0351.123Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential9.4128.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 2.02% · 9 usable bins · 20 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 0.69% · 11 usable bins · 10 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 240–480 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.04% · 8 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.65% · 4 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 11–13 exposures/bin, 1320–1560 s integrated, 73–87% coverage.
Gaia 381296858563921408 · G 13.04

52/52 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.12% · median conditional error 2.10%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.8980.9761.0531.131Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential9.4128.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.23% · 9 usable bins · 20 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 1.62% · 11 usable bins · 10 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 240–480 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.95% · 8 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.14% · 4 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 11–13 exposures/bin, 1320–1560 s integrated, 73–87% coverage.
Gaia 381214498262497920 · G 13.05

52/52 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.13% · median conditional error 2.40%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.8820.9641.0461.128Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential9.4128.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.99% · 9 usable bins · 20 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 0.62% · 11 usable bins · 10 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 240–480 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.61% · 8 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.05% · 4 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 11–13 exposures/bin, 1320–1560 s integrated, 73–87% coverage.
Gaia 381318024162717184 · G 13.05

52/52 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.47% · median conditional error 2.04%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9240.9941.0641.134Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential9.4128.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.58% · 9 usable bins · 20 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 0.51% · 11 usable bins · 10 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 240–480 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.45% · 8 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.21% · 4 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 11–13 exposures/bin, 1320–1560 s integrated, 73–87% coverage.
Gaia 369013458245712128 · G 13.07

52/52 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.01% · median conditional error 2.14%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.8870.9701.0531.136Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential9.4128.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 2.35% · 9 usable bins · 20 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 1.30% · 11 usable bins · 10 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 240–480 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.23% · 8 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.54% · 4 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 11–13 exposures/bin, 1320–1560 s integrated, 73–87% coverage.
Gaia 381141758696449280 · G 13.07

52/52 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.92% · median conditional error 1.83%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9290.9871.0461.104Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential9.4128.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.59% · 9 usable bins · 20 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 0.96% · 11 usable bins · 10 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 240–480 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.67% · 8 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.68% · 4 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 11–13 exposures/bin, 1320–1560 s integrated, 73–87% coverage.
Gaia 381169005969155584 · G 13.07

52/52 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.30% · median conditional error 2.43%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.8950.9641.0341.103Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential9.4128.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.49% · 9 usable bins · 20 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 0.92% · 11 usable bins · 10 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 240–480 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.75% · 8 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.56% · 4 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 11–13 exposures/bin, 1320–1560 s integrated, 73–87% coverage.
Gaia 381136776534401664 · G 13.08

52/52 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.99% · median conditional error 2.00%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.8940.9671.0401.113Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential9.4128.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.57% · 9 usable bins · 20 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 0.36% · 11 usable bins · 10 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 240–480 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.68% · 8 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.37% · 4 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 11–13 exposures/bin, 1320–1560 s integrated, 73–87% coverage.
Gaia 369243256178304128 · G 13.09

52/52 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.79% · median conditional error 1.80%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9280.9901.0521.115Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential9.4128.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 0.80% · 9 usable bins · 20 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 0.33% · 11 usable bins · 10 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 240–480 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.63% · 8 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.61% · 4 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 11–13 exposures/bin, 1320–1560 s integrated, 73–87% coverage.
Gaia 381416018126720000 · G 13.10

52/52 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.02% · median conditional error 1.95%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.8620.9431.0251.106Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential9.4128.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 0.92% · 9 usable bins · 20 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 1.31% · 11 usable bins · 10 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 240–480 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.09% · 8 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.73% · 4 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 11–13 exposures/bin, 1320–1560 s integrated, 73–87% coverage.
Gaia 381322731444065920 · G 13.11

52/52 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.86% · median conditional error 1.80%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9190.9841.0501.116Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential9.4128.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.75% · 9 usable bins · 20 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 0.80% · 11 usable bins · 10 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 240–480 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.55% · 8 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.22% · 4 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 11–13 exposures/bin, 1320–1560 s integrated, 73–87% coverage.
Gaia 375300293935503744 · G 13.12

52/52 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.00% · median conditional error 2.17%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.9220.9871.0511.115Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential9.4128.3Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.83% · 9 usable bins · 20 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 0.88% · 11 usable bins · 10 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 2–4 exposures/bin, 240–480 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.93% · 8 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.62% · 4 usable bins · 3 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 11–13 exposures/bin, 1320–1560 s integrated, 73–87% coverage.

Recommended next acquisition: characterize unsaturated stars with matched short-exposure Darks and same-session Flats, then keep one exposure/filter configuration through a dedicated known-host event and its before/after baseline. There is no real 60/120 s improvement demonstrated here.

Timing, uncertainty and applicability
  • Not calibrated standard magnitudes. Native G1+G2 response/Flat/pixel-phase and shared errors remain unbounded.
  • Recorded header start times support relative intervals; TIMESYS and clock accuracy are not established. No BJD_TDB.
  • References exclude each target but share sky/calibration systematics. Conditional errors hold median normalizations fixed.
  • No new search is run here. Existing event evidence and eligibility are retained; review scores are not calibrated false-alarm probabilities.
  • No new aperture is promoted. Mixed exposures, passbands, nights and calibration/angle segments stay separate.
M31 — Andromeda Galaxy · RGB · 120 s · 117 frames

measured diagnostics · 117 timed frames; 0 timing exclusions.

Separate segment c85c04fb: 0.59 h span · 681.2 s median cadence · 22.5% exposure duty · 1 large gap(s); 0 overlapping recorded intervals (bins unavailable when present).

Separate segment 02d02ce1: 4.46 h span · 123.2 s median cadence · 84.5% exposure duty · 7 large gap(s); 0 overlapping recorded intervals (bins unavailable when present).

1.4221.8762.3312.785Robust scatter (%)12.613.3Gaia G magnitude (catalogue)

Brightness comparison is observational: sources share sky and calibration; points are not independent trials.

Gaia 369222567317250944 · G 12.63

4/4 valid epochs · robust scatter 0.55% · median conditional error 1.78%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9580.9871.0161.045Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.034.6Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 20–40% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 13–27% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 2–2 exposures/bin, 240–240 s integrated, 13–13% coverage.
Gaia 381289329476254720 · G 12.82

4/4 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.51% · median conditional error 1.46%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9080.9510.9941.037Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.034.6Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 20–40% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 13–27% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 2–2 exposures/bin, 240–240 s integrated, 13–13% coverage.
Gaia 381409966516376960 · G 12.87

4/4 valid epochs · robust scatter 0.43% · median conditional error 1.66%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9610.9831.0061.028Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.034.6Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 20–40% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 13–27% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 2–2 exposures/bin, 240–240 s integrated, 13–13% coverage.
Gaia 381214498262497920 · G 13.05

4/4 valid epochs · robust scatter 3.04% · median conditional error 2.10%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9480.9911.0341.076Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.034.6Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 20–40% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 13–27% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 2–2 exposures/bin, 240–240 s integrated, 13–13% coverage.
Gaia 381191580317044992 · G 13.13

4/4 valid epochs · robust scatter 0.55% · median conditional error 1.54%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9530.9750.9981.020Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.034.6Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 20–40% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 13–27% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 2–2 exposures/bin, 240–240 s integrated, 13–13% coverage.
Gaia 369225904510499584 · G 13.15

4/4 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.05% · median conditional error 1.68%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9490.9791.0091.039Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.034.6Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 20–40% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 13–27% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 2–2 exposures/bin, 240–240 s integrated, 13–13% coverage.
Gaia 375280365287429376 · G 13.15

4/4 valid epochs · robust scatter 0.48% · median conditional error 1.62%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9580.9871.0171.047Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.034.6Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 20–40% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 13–27% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 2–2 exposures/bin, 240–240 s integrated, 13–13% coverage.
Gaia 369127395139218560 · G 13.18

4/4 valid epochs · robust scatter 0.87% · median conditional error 2.39%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9580.9921.0261.059Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.034.6Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 20–40% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 13–27% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 2–2 exposures/bin, 240–240 s integrated, 13–13% coverage.
Gaia 375287340314289664 · G 13.23

4/4 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.31% · median conditional error 1.66%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9430.9751.0061.038Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.034.6Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 20–40% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 13–27% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 2–2 exposures/bin, 240–240 s integrated, 13–13% coverage.
Gaia 381344034481859072 · G 13.26

4/4 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.02% · median conditional error 1.74%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9490.9751.0011.027Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.034.6Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 20–40% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 13–27% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 2–2 exposures/bin, 240–240 s integrated, 13–13% coverage.
Gaia 381152272776336640 · G 13.26

4/4 valid epochs · robust scatter 0.55% · median conditional error 1.92%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9600.9841.0071.030Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.034.6Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 20–40% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 13–27% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 2–2 exposures/bin, 240–240 s integrated, 13–13% coverage.
Gaia 381165810513518720 · G 13.28

4/4 valid epochs · robust scatter 4.28% · median conditional error 1.90%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9310.9851.0391.094Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.034.6Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 20–40% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 13–27% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 2–2 exposures/bin, 240–240 s integrated, 13–13% coverage.
Gaia 369147804824163840 · G 13.28

4/4 valid epochs · robust scatter 0.81% · median conditional error 1.76%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9460.9720.9991.025Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.034.6Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 20–40% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 13–27% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 2–2 exposures/bin, 240–240 s integrated, 13–13% coverage.
Gaia 375226592296928384 · G 13.28

4/4 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.59% · median conditional error 1.71%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9450.9821.0181.054Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.034.6Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 20–40% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 13–27% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 2–2 exposures/bin, 240–240 s integrated, 13–13% coverage.
Gaia 369252739466052352 · G 13.30

4/4 valid epochs · robust scatter 0.28% · median conditional error 2.18%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9520.9771.0031.028Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.034.6Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 20–40% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 13–27% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 2–2 exposures/bin, 240–240 s integrated, 13–13% coverage.
Gaia 381220030180351360 · G 13.30

4/4 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.35% · median conditional error 1.85%. measured, not suitable for search.

0.9560.9911.0271.062Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential1.034.6Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: — · 0 usable bins · 2 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–1 exposures/bin, 120–120 s integrated, 40–40% coverage. Single-frame bins do not demonstrate averaging.
  • 10 min: — · 0 usable bins · 1 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 20–40% coverage.
  • 15 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 13–27% coverage.
  • 30 min: — · 0 usable bins · 0 native points outside this binned view · insufficient support; 2–2 exposures/bin, 240–240 s integrated, 13–13% coverage.
Gaia 369222567317250944 · G 12.63

113/113 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.48% · median conditional error 1.75%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.8430.9291.0141.100Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential53.5319.0Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 2.66% · 17 usable bins · 46 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 1.94% · 23 usable bins · 22 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–4 exposures/bin, 120–480 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.85% · 18 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.70% · 9 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 9–14 exposures/bin, 1080–1680 s integrated, 60–93% coverage.
Gaia 381289329476254720 · G 12.82

113/113 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.75% · median conditional error 1.41%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.6770.8381.0001.161Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential53.5319.0Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.03% · 17 usable bins · 46 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 1.10% · 23 usable bins · 22 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–4 exposures/bin, 120–480 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.86% · 18 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.96% · 9 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 9–14 exposures/bin, 1080–1680 s integrated, 60–93% coverage.
Gaia 381409966516376960 · G 12.87

113/113 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.60% · median conditional error 1.60%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.8600.9311.0011.072Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential53.5319.0Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 0.94% · 17 usable bins · 46 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 1.07% · 23 usable bins · 22 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–4 exposures/bin, 120–480 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.80% · 18 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.50% · 9 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 9–14 exposures/bin, 1080–1680 s integrated, 60–93% coverage.
Gaia 381214498262497920 · G 13.05

113/113 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.01% · median conditional error 1.97%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.8630.9451.0281.110Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential53.5319.0Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.38% · 17 usable bins · 46 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 1.38% · 23 usable bins · 22 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–4 exposures/bin, 120–480 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.26% · 18 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.76% · 9 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 9–14 exposures/bin, 1080–1680 s integrated, 60–93% coverage.
Gaia 381191580317044992 · G 13.13

113/113 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.76% · median conditional error 1.50%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.8430.9251.0071.089Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential53.5319.0Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.07% · 17 usable bins · 46 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 0.79% · 23 usable bins · 22 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–4 exposures/bin, 120–480 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.61% · 18 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.43% · 9 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 9–14 exposures/bin, 1080–1680 s integrated, 60–93% coverage.
Gaia 369225904510499584 · G 13.15

113/113 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.90% · median conditional error 1.60%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.8500.9311.0121.093Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential53.5319.0Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.11% · 17 usable bins · 46 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 0.99% · 23 usable bins · 22 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–4 exposures/bin, 120–480 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.07% · 18 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.22% · 9 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 9–14 exposures/bin, 1080–1680 s integrated, 60–93% coverage.
Gaia 375280365287429376 · G 13.15

113/113 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.24% · median conditional error 1.54%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.8700.9421.0131.084Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential53.5319.0Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.96% · 17 usable bins · 46 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 1.01% · 23 usable bins · 22 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–4 exposures/bin, 120–480 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.13% · 18 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.94% · 9 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 9–14 exposures/bin, 1080–1680 s integrated, 60–93% coverage.
Gaia 369127395139218560 · G 13.18

113/113 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.69% · median conditional error 2.31%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.6740.8270.9791.132Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential53.5319.0Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.48% · 17 usable bins · 46 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 1.82% · 23 usable bins · 22 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–4 exposures/bin, 120–480 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.92% · 18 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 1.42% · 9 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 9–14 exposures/bin, 1080–1680 s integrated, 60–93% coverage.
Gaia 375287340314289664 · G 13.23

113/113 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.75% · median conditional error 1.63%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.8490.9251.0001.075Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential53.5319.0Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.65% · 17 usable bins · 46 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 0.48% · 23 usable bins · 22 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–4 exposures/bin, 120–480 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.66% · 18 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.52% · 9 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 9–14 exposures/bin, 1080–1680 s integrated, 60–93% coverage.
Gaia 381344034481859072 · G 13.26

113/113 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.69% · median conditional error 1.65%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.8650.9491.0331.117Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential53.5319.0Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.14% · 17 usable bins · 46 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 0.83% · 23 usable bins · 22 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–4 exposures/bin, 120–480 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.50% · 18 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.40% · 9 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 9–14 exposures/bin, 1080–1680 s integrated, 60–93% coverage.
Gaia 381152272776336640 · G 13.26

113/113 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.17% · median conditional error 1.87%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.7960.8950.9951.095Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential53.5319.0Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 2.18% · 17 usable bins · 46 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 1.71% · 23 usable bins · 22 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–4 exposures/bin, 120–480 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.13% · 18 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.38% · 9 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 9–14 exposures/bin, 1080–1680 s integrated, 60–93% coverage.
Gaia 381165810513518720 · G 13.28

113/113 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.52% · median conditional error 1.84%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.8700.9461.0221.099Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential53.5319.0Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.33% · 17 usable bins · 46 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 0.81% · 23 usable bins · 22 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–4 exposures/bin, 120–480 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.26% · 18 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.74% · 9 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 9–14 exposures/bin, 1080–1680 s integrated, 60–93% coverage.
Gaia 369147804824163840 · G 13.28

113/113 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.55% · median conditional error 1.72%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.8480.9251.0011.077Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential53.5319.0Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.42% · 17 usable bins · 46 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 0.69% · 23 usable bins · 22 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–4 exposures/bin, 120–480 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.02% · 18 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.41% · 9 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 9–14 exposures/bin, 1080–1680 s integrated, 60–93% coverage.
Gaia 375226592296928384 · G 13.28

113/113 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.53% · median conditional error 1.68%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.8660.9351.0031.071Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential53.5319.0Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.05% · 17 usable bins · 46 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 0.63% · 23 usable bins · 22 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–4 exposures/bin, 120–480 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 0.84% · 18 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.44% · 9 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 9–14 exposures/bin, 1080–1680 s integrated, 60–93% coverage.
Gaia 369252739466052352 · G 13.30

113/113 valid epochs · robust scatter 2.50% · median conditional error 2.18%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.8680.9421.0161.090Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential53.5319.0Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 1.75% · 17 usable bins · 46 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 1.33% · 23 usable bins · 22 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–4 exposures/bin, 120–480 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.07% · 18 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.85% · 9 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 9–14 exposures/bin, 1080–1680 s integrated, 60–93% coverage.
Gaia 381220030180351360 · G 13.30

113/113 valid epochs · robust scatter 1.82% · median conditional error 1.74%. single-event diagnostics only.

0.7860.8900.9951.099Raw / own medianReference ensembleDifferential53.5319.0Minutes from recorded relative session origin
Precision at common wall-clock intervals

1.4826 × median absolute deviation divided by median. Nonoverlapping bins never split an exposure; boundary crossings remain in the native curve. Sparse bins do not establish a precision improvement.

  • 5 min: 0.89% · 17 usable bins · 46 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 1–2 exposures/bin, 120–240 s integrated, 40–80% coverage.
  • 10 min: 0.87% · 23 usable bins · 22 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 1–4 exposures/bin, 120–480 s integrated, 20–80% coverage.
  • 15 min: 1.09% · 18 usable bins · 14 native points outside this binned view · conditional block interval; 4–7 exposures/bin, 480–840 s integrated, 53–93% coverage.
  • 30 min: 0.88% · 9 usable bins · 6 native points outside this binned view · descriptive only; 9–14 exposures/bin, 1080–1680 s integrated, 60–93% coverage.

Recommended next acquisition: characterize unsaturated stars with matched short-exposure Darks and same-session Flats, then keep one exposure/filter configuration through a dedicated known-host event and its before/after baseline. There is no real 60/120 s improvement demonstrated here.

Timing, uncertainty and applicability
  • Not calibrated standard magnitudes. Native G1+G2 response/Flat/pixel-phase and shared errors remain unbounded.
  • Recorded header start times support relative intervals; TIMESYS and clock accuracy are not established. No BJD_TDB.
  • References exclude each target but share sky/calibration systematics. Conditional errors hold median normalizations fixed.
  • No new search is run here. Existing event evidence and eligibility are retained; review scores are not calibrated false-alarm probabilities.
  • No new aperture is promoted. Mixed exposures, passbands, nights and calibration/angle segments stay separate.
Exact native-photometry diagnosticsConditional errors, rates, source/reference IDs and precision support
Comparison-star evidence · experimental

Comparison-star robustness check

Could a more robust reference ensemble improve these light curves? This controlled experiment reuses the original native fluxes. Your published scientific curves and event results remain unchanged.

RGB · 180.0 s · 0 supported source/segment tests

Insufficient contiguous data or independent references for the blocked comparison.

4 contiguous blocks are too short; no test is forced across the gap.

3 contiguous blocks are too short; no test is forced across the gap.

Scientific baseline retained. No promotion from scatter alone; independent control observations and a calibrated uncertainty model are still required.

RGB · 300.0 s · 0 supported source/segment tests

Insufficient contiguous data or independent references for the blocked comparison.

2 contiguous blocks are too short; no test is forced across the gap.

Scientific baseline retained. No promotion from scatter alone; independent control observations and a calibrated uncertainty model are still required.

RGB · 120.0 s · 0 supported source/segment tests

Insufficient contiguous data or independent references for the blocked comparison.

3 contiguous blocks are too short; no test is forced across the gap.

1 contiguous blocks are too short; no test is forced across the gap.

Scientific baseline retained. No promotion from scatter alone; independent control observations and a calibrated uncertainty model are still required.

RGB · 120.0 s · 0 supported source/segment tests

Insufficient contiguous data or independent references for the blocked comparison.

7 contiguous blocks are too short; no test is forced across the gap.

1 contiguous blocks are too short; no test is forced across the gap.

Scientific baseline retained. No promotion from scatter alone; independent control observations and a calibrated uncertainty model are still required.

Validation design and limits

Four contiguous held-out folds per sufficiently long uninterrupted block, with one purged epoch on each side. Reference medians are learned only from training epochs; each target is excluded from its references. Fixed Huber cutoff 1.5, at least six references. No hyperparameter search or target-based refitting.

  • Blocked epoch checks within existing calibration/orientation segments, not independent new-night validation.
  • Stars share references and are not independent trials; no p-values or discovery probability are inferred.
  • Lower scatter may remove reference contamination but does not prove better physical accuracy.
  • Existing shared-master, flat, centroid, sampling and clock uncertainties remain unresolved.
  • Artificial dimming checks algebraic signal transfer only, not transit detection or recovery efficiency.
  • No re-fitting, smoothing or interpolation of target flux; gaps and unavailable measurements remain gaps.
Reference comparison evidenceHeld-out folds, reference membership, unchanged baseline and signal-transfer checks

Example measured light curve

2026-10-16 · RGB · Gaia 369152439091358592. First available session and source ID; not selected for apparent variability.

Relative brightness1.0420.96420.03 — 2.39 hours since the first recorded header start · exposure midpoints
Native G1+G2 measurements · separate calibration segments · no connecting lines.
All saved stellar light curves
Stack input review · 1 exclusions

Input image review

1 excluded from this imaging stack · 2 flagged for inspection · 42 original exposures retained.

Exclusions affect this image stack only. Raw measurements and calibrated scientific images remain available. A satellite-like line alone does not reject an entire exposure.

Typical reference exposureReference raw frame and representative star crops
Input abb84ccb8eac · Excluded from stack

Jointly broader and more elongated than this session; possible shake/tracking/focus effects, cause not established.

Star width (FWHM)
5.07 sensor px · session median 3.359. Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
Star eccentricity
0.74 dimensionless · session median 0.4151. More elongated than this session; inspect tracking and field position. This is not a guiding measurement.
Detected sources
3072 sources · session median 4876. Fewer detected sources; clouds, focus, framing and detection thresholds are possible causes.
Actual raw exposure with marked representative stellar regions
Actual raw green samples; display stretch only. Marked stars are representative samples, not measured guiding vectors or a catalogue identification.
Input 1f30bedb925d · Retained · review suggested

Measurement differs from its session. Retained: this alone does not establish a defective exposure.

Star width (FWHM)
4.18 sensor px · session median 3.359. Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
Detected sources
3968 sources · session median 4876. Fewer detected sources; clouds, focus, framing and detection thresholds are possible causes.

Relative stack weights (R/G/B): 0.786 / 0.840 / 0.808

Actual raw exposure with marked representative stellar regions
Actual raw green samples; display stretch only. Marked stars are representative samples, not measured guiding vectors or a catalogue identification.
Method and all inputs

Median/MAD comparisons stay within the same session, exposure, recorded setup and orientation. At least 12 valid frames and 75% coverage are required. Only simultaneous strong width and elongation outliers with at least 20 fitted stars can be excluded automatically. These are engineering thresholds, not a validated defect classifier. Entire-night defects and satellite trails may escape these metrics; pixel rejection remains a separate stack operation.

ExposureImaging decisionReason
Input ea7056643932retain · weights R/G/B 1.399 / 1.350 / 1.389no_supported_outlier
Input ea1fff6c17c6retain · weights R/G/B 1.036 / 1.062 / 1.046no_supported_outlier
Input 3f9df0672883retain · weights R/G/B 0.991 / 1.013 / 1.004no_supported_outlier
Input 2404b980e4adretain · weights R/G/B 0.998 / 0.958 / 0.970no_supported_outlier
Input 60324d3e31edretain · weights R/G/B 1.028 / 1.061 / 1.041no_supported_outlier
Input 2e68e6e9d483retain · weights R/G/B 0.987 / 1.015 / 0.997no_supported_outlier
Input 29ed5df2d0eeretain · weights R/G/B 0.961 / 1.009 / 0.978no_supported_outlier
Input f32f585830a8retain · weights R/G/B 0.885 / 0.861 / 0.863no_supported_outlier
Input b18f4e31b895retain · weights R/G/B 0.801 / 0.784 / 0.809no_supported_outlier
Input b0c5d5dcc5d9retain · weights R/G/B 1.087 / 1.070 / 1.067no_supported_outlier
Input feaff3858490retain · weights R/G/B 0.836 / 0.857 / 0.835no_supported_outlier
Input 1206c541bcc9retain · weights R/G/B 0.615 / 0.667 / 0.646no_supported_outlier
Input b91b6c56a76aretain · weights R/G/B 0.699 / 0.668 / 0.712no_supported_outlier
Input e6bffbda5acdretain · weights R/G/B 1.326 / 1.284 / 1.309no_supported_outlier
Input 11d6d0c80c07retain · weights R/G/B 0.988 / 1.027 / 1.011no_supported_outlier
Input 6c59503afb32retain · weights R/G/B 1.040 / 1.022 / 1.025no_supported_outlier
Input eefbc5cbe7ffretain · weights R/G/B 1.036 / 1.029 / 1.023no_supported_outlier
Input a4cbd7bf5a39retain · weights R/G/B 1.007 / 0.971 / 0.983no_supported_outlier
Input 6e974244f856retain · weights R/G/B 0.560 / 0.619 / 0.595no_supported_outlier
Input 326838cf6af3retain · weights R/G/B 0.855 / 0.840 / 0.825no_supported_outlier
Input da6253f0a1c8retain · weights R/G/B 0.808 / 0.802 / 0.791no_supported_outlier
Input 4a838e02adearetain · weights R/G/B 0.979 / 0.931 / 0.985no_supported_outlier
Input 476418215cbaretain · weights R/G/B 1.058 / 1.047 / 1.043no_supported_outlier
Input 42a865063924retain · weights R/G/B 1.309 / 1.265 / 1.305no_supported_outlier
Input ac672d40fed1retain · weights R/G/B 1.075 / 1.095 / 1.087no_supported_outlier
Input 54187c612914retain · weights R/G/B 1.014 / 1.001 / 0.997no_supported_outlier
Input 02b44f61f914retain · weights R/G/B 1.404 / 1.347 / 1.392no_supported_outlier
Input abb84ccb8eacexclude_from_imaging_stackjoint_width_elongation_outlier
Input b4ba3edbedfdretain · weights R/G/B 1.391 / 1.334 / 1.377no_supported_outlier
Input db5811fa5130retain · weights R/G/B 0.983 / 1.022 / 0.997no_supported_outlier
Input 000131e89001retain · weights R/G/B 1.039 / 1.045 / 1.033no_supported_outlier
Input 6830c2675af6retain · weights R/G/B 1.031 / 1.018 / 1.012no_supported_outlier
Input 1336398a9d16retain · weights R/G/B 1.462 / 1.365 / 1.433no_supported_outlier
Input 1f30bedb925dretain · weights R/G/B 0.786 / 0.840 / 0.808descriptive_outlier
Input 181bd36529feretain · weights R/G/B 0.971 / 0.972 / 0.994no_supported_outlier
Input 1de0b26f1d63retain · weights R/G/B 0.975 / 1.008 / 0.990no_supported_outlier
Input bbbae9ca53e6retain · weights R/G/B 0.986 / 1.039 / 1.005no_supported_outlier
Input 0b1b4bf21424retain · weights R/G/B 0.919 / 0.972 / 0.941no_supported_outlier
Input 134abd20dc17retain · weights R/G/B 0.858 / 0.853 / 0.842no_supported_outlier
Input 21bcb90ffdc1retain · weights R/G/B 0.977 / 1.029 / 1.000no_supported_outlier
Input 608566edf7eeretain · weights R/G/B 0.989 / 0.975 / 0.979no_supported_outlier
Input ffdb124843deretain · weights R/G/B 0.854 / 0.874 / 0.860no_supported_outlier

Stack contribution weights

Native noise weighting used

Compared with an equal-weight control using the exact same exposures, crop, normalization and pixel rejection. Star width and shape are reviewed separately.

Matched stars: 64 · background-texture ratio R/G/B: 0.979 / 0.986 / 0.986. Ratios compare weighted / equal; they are not a calibrated SNR.

Per-exposure weights and method

Weights are proportional to inverse background variance after Siril additive-scale normalization, independently in R, G and B, normalized to mean one. Displayed native values are reconstructed from rounded saved statistics. A weight is not a universal quality grade.

Input IDR / G / B contribution
3f9df06728830.9909 / 1.0134 / 1.0043
2e68e6e9d4830.9865 / 1.0146 / 0.9970
1de0b26f1d630.9750 / 1.0079 / 0.9895
ac672d40fed11.0754 / 1.0950 / 1.0867
60324d3e31ed1.0285 / 1.0612 / 1.0411
ea1fff6c17c61.0361 / 1.0619 / 1.0462
21bcb90ffdc10.9766 / 1.0286 / 0.9995
11d6d0c80c070.9876 / 1.0268 / 1.0114
0b1b4bf214240.9191 / 0.9719 / 0.9409
bbbae9ca53e60.9857 / 1.0387 / 1.0046
db5811fa51300.9826 / 1.0215 / 0.9970
29ed5df2d0ee0.9612 / 1.0092 / 0.9778
000131e890011.0394 / 1.0454 / 1.0326
476418215cba1.0583 / 1.0467 / 1.0432
b0c5d5dcc5d91.0865 / 1.0696 / 1.0673
6830c2675af61.0307 / 1.0181 / 1.0125
eefbc5cbe7ff1.0358 / 1.0286 / 1.0231
6c59503afb321.0397 / 1.0216 / 1.0254
608566edf7ee0.9890 / 0.9754 / 0.9792
54187c6129141.0136 / 1.0006 / 0.9973
1f30bedb925d0.7855 / 0.8402 / 0.8080
42a8650639241.3093 / 1.2653 / 1.3045
02b44f61f9141.4039 / 1.3472 / 1.3919
e6bffbda5acd1.3264 / 1.2838 / 1.3090
b4ba3edbedfd1.3906 / 1.3337 / 1.3773
ea70566439321.3987 / 1.3497 / 1.3889
1336398a9d161.4625 / 1.3654 / 1.4331
1206c541bcc90.6147 / 0.6672 / 0.6462
6e974244f8560.5597 / 0.6194 / 0.5947
b91b6c56a76a0.6989 / 0.6684 / 0.7120
181bd36529fe0.9706 / 0.9715 / 0.9942
b18f4e31b8950.8005 / 0.7841 / 0.8090
4a838e02adea0.9786 / 0.9310 / 0.9851
da6253f0a1c80.8084 / 0.8021 / 0.7910
326838cf6af30.8549 / 0.8399 / 0.8250
134abd20dc170.8580 / 0.8532 / 0.8424
f32f585830a80.8855 / 0.8614 / 0.8625
feaff38584900.8357 / 0.8573 / 0.8354
ffdb124843de0.8545 / 0.8737 / 0.8604
a4cbd7bf5a391.0069 / 0.9706 / 0.9830
2404b980e4ad0.9978 / 0.9580 / 0.9698

Correlated noise, shared calibration errors and local pixel rejection are not represented by these frame-level weights. Individual-exposure photometry is unchanged.

Appendix · measurement methods & observing conditions
Observing nights and Moon

RGB

2026-10-16 19:53:16 CEST (UTC+0200) → 2026-10-16 21:07:28 CEST (UTC+0200)

32.5% Moon illumination · saved calculation

Altitude 2.7°Target separation —

Mitte des Aufnahmezeitraums

Original saved observation note

Time assumption: DATE-OBS interpreted as UTC because TIMESYS is missing. Astronomical context is provisional.

Original saved observation note

Moon altitude is approximate; local Earth-orientation data may be incomplete.

Original saved observation note

Geometric Moon altitude, without terrain or refraction; site elevation assumed to be 0 m.

RGB

2026-10-16 21:24:51 CEST (UTC+0200) → 2026-10-17 02:40:38 CEST (UTC+0200)

33.8% Moon illumination · saved calculation

Altitude -25.7°Target separation —

Mitte des Aufnahmezeitraums

Original saved observation note

Time assumption: DATE-OBS interpreted as UTC because TIMESYS is missing. Astronomical context is provisional.

Original saved observation note

Moon altitude is approximate; local Earth-orientation data may be incomplete.

Original saved observation note

Geometric Moon altitude, without terrain or refraction; site elevation assumed to be 0 m.

RGB

2026-10-18 19:37:35 CEST (UTC+0200) → 2026-10-18 21:46:52 CEST (UTC+0200)

51.1% Moon illumination · saved calculation

Altitude 13.6°Target separation —

Mitte des Aufnahmezeitraums

Original saved observation note

Time assumption: DATE-OBS interpreted as UTC because TIMESYS is missing. Astronomical context is provisional.

Original saved observation note

Moon altitude is approximate; local Earth-orientation data may be incomplete.

Original saved observation note

Geometric Moon altitude, without terrain or refraction; site elevation assumed to be 0 m.

RGB

2026-10-18 23:05:49 CEST (UTC+0200) → 2026-10-19 04:25:52 CEST (UTC+0200)

53.1% Moon illumination · saved calculation

Altitude -23.4°Target separation —

Mitte des Aufnahmezeitraums

Original saved observation note

Time assumption: DATE-OBS interpreted as UTC because TIMESYS is missing. Astronomical context is provisional.

Original saved observation note

Moon altitude is approximate; local Earth-orientation data may be incomplete.

Original saved observation note

Geometric Moon altitude, without terrain or refraction; site elevation assumed to be 0 m.

RGB

2026-11-06 19:38:26 CET (UTC+0100) → 2026-11-06 21:10:41 CET (UTC+0100)

6.3% Moon illumination · saved calculation

Altitude -48.3°Target separation —

Mitte des Aufnahmezeitraums

Original saved observation note

Time assumption: DATE-OBS interpreted as UTC because TIMESYS is missing. Astronomical context is provisional.

Original saved observation note

Moon altitude is approximate; local Earth-orientation data may be incomplete.

Original saved observation note

Geometric Moon altitude, without terrain or refraction; site elevation assumed to be 0 m.

RGB

2026-11-08 00:37:52 CET (UTC+0100) → 2026-11-08 03:01:15 CET (UTC+0100)

1.8% Moon illumination · saved calculation

Altitude -39.6°Target separation —

Mitte des Aufnahmezeitraums

Original saved observation note

Time assumption: DATE-OBS interpreted as UTC because TIMESYS is missing. Astronomical context is provisional.

Original saved observation note

Moon altitude is approximate; local Earth-orientation data may be incomplete.

Original saved observation note

Geometric Moon altitude, without terrain or refraction; site elevation assumed to be 0 m.

Saved time assumptions are unchanged. Site and weather are shown on the session pages.

Explain this comparison

Comparison with your current archive: each physical observing session has equal weight. Valid per-exposure values are first averaged within each session, then the session means are averaged. Later sessions and the exposures shown here may be included. This is neither an independent test nor a formal quality grade.

Selected data use the exact input IDs of this product. RGB and DNB, methods, units, sampling and recorded acquisition settings remain separate. Unknown setup metadata do not establish physical compatibility. A few sessions form only a small descriptive reference. Missing values do not count as zero.

FWHM and star shape are saved medians of the stellar fits in each exposure; the display averages these per-exposure values. Stellar SNR is the saved median of model estimates from at least five stars per exposure. Model: source Poisson noise, background variance and uncertainty in the mean local sky. Circular aperture radius 3, sky annulus 5–7 sampling pixels, 3σ clipping. EGAIN in electrons/ADU is required. Different star selections remain a limitation even within the same field.

Background and scatter are raw green-grid ADU under compatible acquisition conditions. Field emission, gradients and stellar populations limit comparison. These are not measurements of pure seeing, nebular SNR or transit sensitivity. The previous grading rule requiring eight other nights has not changed.

RGB · Star width (FWHM): 88/88 valid selected exposures; archive 89/89 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Background: 88/88 valid selected exposures; archive 89/89 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Stellar SNR: 13/13 valid selected exposures; archive 13/13 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Background scatter: 88/88 valid selected exposures; archive 89/89 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Star shape: 78/78 valid selected exposures; archive 82/82 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Stellar SNR: 78/78 valid selected exposures; archive 82/82 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Star width (FWHM): 13/13 valid selected exposures; archive 13/13 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Background: 13/13 valid selected exposures; archive 13/13 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Background scatter: 109/109 valid selected exposures; archive 109/109 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Star width (FWHM): 41/41 valid selected exposures; archive 42/42 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Star shape: 41/41 valid selected exposures; archive 42/42 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Background: 41/41 valid selected exposures; archive 42/42 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Stellar SNR: 88/88 valid selected exposures; archive 89/89 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Star shape: 13/13 valid selected exposures; archive 13/13 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Background: 109/109 valid selected exposures; archive 109/109 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Stellar SNR: 93/93 valid selected exposures; archive 93/93 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Background: 93/93 valid selected exposures; archive 93/93 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Background scatter: 13/13 valid selected exposures; archive 13/13 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Star width (FWHM): 78/78 valid selected exposures; archive 82/82 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Background: 78/78 valid selected exposures; archive 82/82 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Background scatter: 41/41 valid selected exposures; archive 42/42 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Star shape: 93/93 valid selected exposures; archive 93/93 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Background scatter: 78/78 valid selected exposures; archive 82/82 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Star width (FWHM): 109/109 valid selected exposures; archive 109/109 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Stellar SNR: 109/109 valid selected exposures; archive 109/109 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Star width (FWHM): 93/93 valid selected exposures; archive 93/93 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Background scatter: 93/93 valid selected exposures; archive 93/93 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Star shape: 109/109 valid selected exposures; archive 109/109 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Star shape: 88/88 valid selected exposures; archive 89/89 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Stellar SNR: 41/41 valid selected exposures; archive 42/42 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

Archive version ab3717b4ec376ea87d5261c94fe6dbbd42a97237e09422490b5844921d286006. This export is a frozen snapshot; it does not update without a new export.

All measurements and frozen archive comparison

Individual-frame quality review · advisory

Image-quality assistant

76 selected frames worth reviewing · 422/422 inputs have enough same-session support. All frames remain selected exactly as before.

Separate raw measurements, compared with the median of the same session and recorded setup. No overall score, automatic rejection or diagnosis.

Review suggestions · 76 frames
Saved header time / input IDMeasurementThis frameSession medianWhy review?
2026-10-16T17:53:16.269942
c725d667acb2
Stellar SNR estimate105.5 dimensionless155.7Lower model SNR in the sampled stars; changing star selection may contribute.
2026-10-16T18:44:21.218131
519598cde10c
Star eccentricity0.537 dimensionless0.413More elongated than this session; inspect tracking and field position. This is not a guiding measurement.
2026-10-16T18:44:21.218131
519598cde10c
Star width (FWHM)2.904 sensor pixels2.679Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-16T19:24:51.569094
6d575c5dce22
Background level791 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T19:27:54.910793
ed759b7c94ab
Background level789 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T19:30:58.151772
1bcc75be3625
Background level785 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T19:34:12.811621
b4421177a849
Background level783 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T19:37:16.108012
41e7f9ed2fa6
Background level784 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T19:40:19.597674
90c318d3a916
Background level783 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T19:43:35.924242
11b73402eb5e
Background level778 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T19:46:39.490364
c6671d655b53
Background level776 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T19:49:42.651940
a3bc149246a5
Background level774 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T19:52:57.243567
4d415a689a14
Background level773 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T19:56:00.577528
cc0793050803
Background level771 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T19:59:03.962973
42179a23a342
Background level768 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T20:02:21.353856
dd3af413dd23
Background level768 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T20:05:24.781723
8375a230fe75
Background level768 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T20:08:28.067488
cf8603b79e2b
Background level768 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T20:11:43.462177
bcdfa079cbaf
Background level765 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T20:14:46.814531
98155d9e9d16
Background level764 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T20:17:50.143669
9d18cd1735ec
Background level763 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T20:21:07.551168
afec7aaeb2df
Background level763 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T20:24:10.765988
255be81da067
Background level760 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T20:31:10.198867
5b8159683592
Background level757 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T20:34:26.948833
af411a4ecba7
Background level753 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T20:37:30.227225
7e980ad54890
Background level751 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T20:40:33.410830
e8920380feec
Background level749 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T20:43:49.545064
dfc64e26e300
Background level748 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T20:46:52.716434
46990502b882
Background level746 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T20:49:55.978477
83c5d82db7ac
Background level745 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-10-16T20:53:16.588717
5a56f6ed0df5
Background level743 ADU717Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-11-08T00:46:15.445964
1f30bedb925d
Star width (FWHM)4.18 sensor pixels3.359Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-11-06T18:39:34.216943
dc56a56ac44b
Star width (FWHM)4.135 sensor pixels3.036Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-11-06T18:52:19.244811
74d543c3da14
Star eccentricity0.7363 dimensionless0.4348More elongated than this session; inspect tracking and field position. This is not a guiding measurement.
2026-11-06T18:53:25.779695
98f54186706f
Star width (FWHM)4.259 sensor pixels3.036Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-11-06T19:00:50.816935
381254a0ccc1
Star eccentricity0.7606 dimensionless0.4348More elongated than this session; inspect tracking and field position. This is not a guiding measurement.
2026-11-06T19:00:50.816935
381254a0ccc1
Star width (FWHM)4.174 sensor pixels3.036Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-11-06T19:09:10.159961
e6af618cbf33
Star width (FWHM)4.109 sensor pixels3.036Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-11-06T19:16:41.098078
7a31759be47e
Star width (FWHM)5.929 sensor pixels3.036Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-11-06T19:52:47.896952
fc4ffbad0807
Star width (FWHM)4.009 sensor pixels3.036Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-11-06T19:59:21.021421
70d34eeb6722
Star width (FWHM)3.942 sensor pixels3.036Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-11-06T20:06:11.985943
3c903bf43f0e
Star width (FWHM)4.025 sensor pixels3.036Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-11-06T20:08:45.332420
1c370121ac0f
Star width (FWHM)3.991 sensor pixels3.036Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-18T17:52:21.482623
4dde704d00d8
Stellar SNR estimate106.8 dimensionless165.4Lower model SNR in the sampled stars; changing star selection may contribute.
2026-10-18T17:56:40.631610
66d59c888e5c
Stellar SNR estimate103 dimensionless165.4Lower model SNR in the sampled stars; changing star selection may contribute.
2026-10-18T19:08:14.791077
389073bc6c3f
Star width (FWHM)3.56 sensor pixels2.805Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-18T19:10:34.807619
28e4db1afe9f
Star width (FWHM)3.358 sensor pixels2.805Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-18T19:16:52.271895
99ade5abbfd9
Star width (FWHM)3.461 sensor pixels2.805Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-18T19:23:45.654888
166352339621
Star width (FWHM)3.253 sensor pixels2.805Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-18T19:25:49.031875
d86452994ccd
Star width (FWHM)3.398 sensor pixels2.805Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-18T19:44:52.848878
977c58d253cc
Star width (FWHM)3.84 sensor pixels2.805Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-18T21:05:49.263353
63e85f956928
Star width (FWHM)3.374 sensor pixels2.805Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-18T21:39:22.527251
af1cd5eb8cae
Star width (FWHM)3.248 sensor pixels2.805Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-18T23:04:05.459491
50ce645ad5e9
Stellar SNR estimate108.8 dimensionless165.4Lower model SNR in the sampled stars; changing star selection may contribute.
2026-10-18T23:16:40.589405
df5df540cd80
Stellar SNR estimate108.1 dimensionless165.4Lower model SNR in the sampled stars; changing star selection may contribute.
2026-10-18T23:35:41.354702
be26a8ad62f8
Stellar SNR estimate117 dimensionless165.4Lower model SNR in the sampled stars; changing star selection may contribute.
2026-10-19T01:17:29.581067
84ad08ae9ed9
Star eccentricity0.718 dimensionless0.4556More elongated than this session; inspect tracking and field position. This is not a guiding measurement.
2026-10-19T01:17:29.581067
84ad08ae9ed9
Star width (FWHM)3.446 sensor pixels2.689Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-19T01:20:33.102930
c0610f3d7bd9
Star eccentricity0.7395 dimensionless0.4556More elongated than this session; inspect tracking and field position. This is not a guiding measurement.
2026-10-19T01:20:33.102930
c0610f3d7bd9
Star width (FWHM)3.393 sensor pixels2.689Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-19T01:22:36.240220
0437bbbd4107
Star width (FWHM)2.919 sensor pixels2.689Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-19T01:24:39.415342
7044f5858c07
Star width (FWHM)2.963 sensor pixels2.689Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-19T01:27:42.775147
6cf0ae217389
Star eccentricity0.7483 dimensionless0.4556More elongated than this session; inspect tracking and field position. This is not a guiding measurement.
2026-10-19T01:27:42.775147
6cf0ae217389
Star width (FWHM)3.396 sensor pixels2.689Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-19T01:29:45.877180
29ea0162ea52
Star eccentricity0.7545 dimensionless0.4556More elongated than this session; inspect tracking and field position. This is not a guiding measurement.
2026-10-19T01:29:45.877180
29ea0162ea52
Star width (FWHM)3.529 sensor pixels2.689Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-19T01:31:48.999634
fd478d97bfd6
Star eccentricity0.7202 dimensionless0.4556More elongated than this session; inspect tracking and field position. This is not a guiding measurement.
2026-10-19T01:31:48.999634
fd478d97bfd6
Star width (FWHM)3.528 sensor pixels2.689Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-19T01:34:52.433509
2e425932e1f4
Star eccentricity0.8191 dimensionless0.4556More elongated than this session; inspect tracking and field position. This is not a guiding measurement.
2026-10-19T01:34:52.433509
2e425932e1f4
Star width (FWHM)4.648 sensor pixels2.689Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-19T01:36:55.689135
e03e149459a2
Star eccentricity0.8691 dimensionless0.4556More elongated than this session; inspect tracking and field position. This is not a guiding measurement.
2026-10-19T01:36:55.689135
e03e149459a2
Star width (FWHM)4.464 sensor pixels2.689Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-19T01:38:58.831309
88c7aedda6b0
Star width (FWHM)3.167 sensor pixels2.689Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-19T01:42:03.110609
b6e54e97b07a
Star eccentricity0.8228 dimensionless0.4556More elongated than this session; inspect tracking and field position. This is not a guiding measurement.
2026-10-19T01:42:03.110609
b6e54e97b07a
Star width (FWHM)4.019 sensor pixels2.689Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-19T01:44:06.365933
4657bbc4aeec
Star eccentricity0.7528 dimensionless0.4556More elongated than this session; inspect tracking and field position. This is not a guiding measurement.
2026-10-19T01:44:06.365933
4657bbc4aeec
Star width (FWHM)3.675 sensor pixels2.689Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-19T01:46:09.556912
1619130f43bf
Star eccentricity0.7148 dimensionless0.4556More elongated than this session; inspect tracking and field position. This is not a guiding measurement.
2026-10-19T01:46:09.556912
1619130f43bf
Star width (FWHM)3.436 sensor pixels2.689Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-19T01:49:13.772796
8400306ffd3f
Star eccentricity0.8837 dimensionless0.4556More elongated than this session; inspect tracking and field position. This is not a guiding measurement.
2026-10-19T01:49:13.772796
8400306ffd3f
Star width (FWHM)4.64 sensor pixels2.689Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-19T01:53:20.417213
637b09a44479
Star eccentricity0.8614 dimensionless0.4556More elongated than this session; inspect tracking and field position. This is not a guiding measurement.
2026-10-19T01:53:20.417213
637b09a44479
Star width (FWHM)4.473 sensor pixels2.689Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-19T01:56:24.461344
ab1874375942
Star eccentricity0.805 dimensionless0.4556More elongated than this session; inspect tracking and field position. This is not a guiding measurement.
2026-10-19T01:56:24.461344
ab1874375942
Star width (FWHM)3.873 sensor pixels2.689Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-19T01:58:27.541541
edd61be5962e
Star eccentricity0.8049 dimensionless0.4556More elongated than this session; inspect tracking and field position. This is not a guiding measurement.
2026-10-19T01:58:27.541541
edd61be5962e
Star width (FWHM)3.874 sensor pixels2.689Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-19T02:03:13.091642
5b1d85736453
Star eccentricity0.7927 dimensionless0.4556More elongated than this session; inspect tracking and field position. This is not a guiding measurement.
2026-10-19T02:03:13.091642
5b1d85736453
Star width (FWHM)3.572 sensor pixels2.689Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-19T02:05:16.319640
c140bb85c855
Star eccentricity0.8838 dimensionless0.4556More elongated than this session; inspect tracking and field position. This is not a guiding measurement.
2026-10-19T02:05:16.319640
c140bb85c855
Star width (FWHM)4.228 sensor pixels2.689Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-19T02:07:19.494471
33d5e7f53b1b
Star eccentricity0.7433 dimensionless0.4556More elongated than this session; inspect tracking and field position. This is not a guiding measurement.
2026-10-19T02:07:19.494471
33d5e7f53b1b
Star width (FWHM)3.431 sensor pixels2.689Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-19T02:09:30.651805
140407da3369
Star width (FWHM)3.294 sensor pixels2.689Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
2026-10-19T02:11:33.807570
2a060b99afad
Star eccentricity0.7346 dimensionless0.4556More elongated than this session; inspect tracking and field position. This is not a guiding measurement.
2026-10-19T02:11:33.807570
2a060b99afad
Star width (FWHM)3.558 sensor pixels2.689Broader than this session; inspect focus, tracking and sampling. The cause is not identified.
Method, coverage and limitations

Review distance = (value − session median) / (1.4826 × MAD). The threshold 3.5 is an advisory rule, not statistical significance. At least 12 valid frames and 75% coverage are required; zero MAD is unavailable. SNR requires the existing gain and star-count checks. Background changes are flagged in either direction.

Shared tracking/focus problems can affect an entire night without producing an outlier. No independent validation labels exist yet. Raw-green sampling and changing star populations limit interpretation. RGB/DNB, exposure, method and recorded orientation remain separate; unknown metadata do not establish compatibility.

RGB · 120.0 s · session acq_aed4feba: Background level 93/93; Background scatter 93/93; Detected sources 0/93: too few valid session frames; Star eccentricity 93/93; Star width (FWHM) 93/93; Stellar SNR estimate 93/93. Unknown: device_id, filter, optical_configuration, readout_mode, recorded_orientation_deg.

RGB · 120.0 s · session acq_aed4feba: Background level 82/82; Background scatter 82/82; Detected sources 0/82: too few valid session frames; Star eccentricity 82/82; Star width (FWHM) 82/82; Stellar SNR estimate 82/82. Unknown: device_id, filter, optical_configuration, readout_mode, recorded_orientation_deg.

RGB · 300.0 s · session acq_6c03bd1f: Background level 13/13; Background scatter 13/13; Detected sources 0/13: too few valid session frames; Star eccentricity 13/13; Star width (FWHM) 13/13; Stellar SNR estimate 13/13. Unknown: device_id, filter, optical_configuration, readout_mode, recorded_orientation_deg.

RGB · 180.0 s · session acq_6c03bd1f: Background level 89/89; Background scatter 89/89; Detected sources 0/89: too few valid session frames; Star eccentricity 89/89; Star width (FWHM) 89/89; Stellar SNR estimate 89/89. Unknown: device_id, filter, optical_configuration, readout_mode, recorded_orientation_deg.

RGB · 30.0 s · session acq_91a1394a: Background level 109/109; Background scatter 109/109; Detected sources 0/109: too few valid session frames; Star eccentricity 109/109; Star width (FWHM) 109/109; Stellar SNR estimate 109/109. Unknown: device_id, filter, optical_configuration, readout_mode, recorded_orientation_deg.

RGB · 180.0 s · session acq_8528bdce: Background level 42/42; Background scatter 42/42; Detected sources 0/42: too few valid session frames; Star eccentricity 42/42; Star width (FWHM) 42/42; Stellar SNR estimate 42/42. Unknown: device_id, filter, optical_configuration, readout_mode, recorded_orientation_deg.

Method session-quality-assistant-1. Saved measurements and existing archive comparisons are unchanged.