Selected by you

NGC 1275

RGB · 1 observing sessions in the archive

RGB · 5 h 00 min · 100 Lights

NGC 1275
Full-resolution image
Illustrative foreground layers · no catalogue-distance anchors for this display.Illustrative effect · not a physical depth measurement.
Field guide · not available for this image

No saved catalogue overlay is qualified for this exact image; your image and science remain available.

Available results · 3 / 5 modules

Each module is checked separately. An unavailable module does not invalidate the saved master; a complete list is not scientific certification.

Selected input exposures

Image quality at a glance

Selected inputs against your whole archive · RGB and DNB remain separate.

RGB · all contributing sessions

Star width / FWHM
3.21 sensor pixels
Current archive average3.00 sensor pixels
Difference +0.20
100/100 selected · archive 865/865 exposures · 11 sessions · 8 objects
Star shape / eccentricity
0.40 dimensionless
Current archive average0.45 dimensionless
Difference -0.05
100/100 selected · archive 865/865 exposures · 11 sessions · 8 objects
Background
1,000.17 ADU
Current archive average749.61 ADU
Difference +250.56
100/100 selected · archive 865/865 exposures · 11 sessions · 8 objects
Background scatter
45.50 ADU
Current archive average34.26 ADU
Difference +11.25
100/100 selected · archive 865/865 exposures · 11 sessions · 8 objects
Stellar model SNR
177.35 dimensionless
Current archive average138.73 dimensionless
Difference +38.61
100/100 selected · archive 865/865 exposures · 11 sessions · 8 objects
Stellar model estimate · different fields
Star width / FWHM
Selected exposure values · whole-archive RGB mean · physical sessions separated.
Star shape / eccentricity
Star shape / eccentricity
Selected exposure values · whole-archive RGB mean · physical sessions separated.
Background
Background
Selected exposure values · whole-archive RGB mean · physical sessions separated.
Background scatter
Background scatter
Selected exposure values · whole-archive RGB mean · physical sessions separated.
Stellar model SNR
Stellar model SNR
Selected exposure values · whole-archive RGB mean · physical sessions separated.
How this archive average is calculated

Each unique original exposure contributes once per valid saved metric. Arithmetic mean across all objects; RGB and DNB separate. Missing or invalid values are excluded, never zero. This descriptive reference includes the selected exposures and later nights.

Exposure, camera settings, field brightness, sampling and stellar populations may differ. Background and stellar model SNR are not normalized measures of sky quality, master SNR or detection sensitivity. A difference is not a grade.

Stored per-frame medians of stellar fits are averaged; stars are not pooled. SNR requires a positive recorded effective gain and at least five stellar estimates. Units remain separate. Unknown method versions are recorded, not invented. Small, undersampled stars may bias shape measurements.

Archive version ab3717b4ec376ea87d5261c94fe6dbbd42a97237e09422490b5844921d286006

Matched acquisition settings · original session-weighted comparison

Selected input exposures

Image quality at a glance

Measurements of the selected input exposures, not the finished master.

RGB · 180.0 s · 100 Lights

Acquisition settings & contributing sessions

180.0 s · Gain 100.0 · Archive snapshot 2026-11-09T03:24:34.927460+00:00

Recorded focal length: 611.0 mm · separate header/settings cohorts, not additional observing sessions.

Acquisition · 2026-11-06–2026-11-07 · recorded DATE-OBS

Execution version was not saved: this comparison is limited to the same observing session.

Star width (FWHM)
3.21 sensor pixels
Current archive average3.21 sensor pixels
Difference 0.00 sensor pixels
100/100 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Star shape
0.40 dimensionless
Current archive average0.40 dimensionless
Difference 0.00 dimensionless
100/100 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Eccentricity of stellar model fits
Background
1,000.17 ADU
Current archive average1,000.17 ADU
Difference 0.00 ADU
100/100 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Background scatter
45.50 ADU
Current archive average45.50 ADU
Difference 0.00 ADU
100/100 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Stellar SNR
177.35 dimensionless
Current archive average177.35 dimensionless
Difference 0.00 dimensionless
100/100 frames · archive: 1 Sessions
Model estimate · same target field
Star width (FWHM) over time
Star width (FWHM) · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.
Star shape · Trend
Star shape over time
Star shape · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.
Background · Trend
Background over time
Background · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.
Background scatter · Trend
Background scatter over time
Background scatter · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.
Stellar SNR · Trend
Stellar SNR over time
Stellar SNR · saved per-exposure values and current archive average. Sessions are separate; gaps are not joined.

Provisional star fits · stellar SNR is a model estimate, not master SNR.

Reading these values

Provisional stellar models: undersampled stars can bias the measurements. Differences are not quality grades. Stellar SNR is not nebular or master-image SNR.

Previously selected image · retained
Previously selected image
Preview image · up to 2560 px

RGB · 5 h 00 min · 100 Lights

Observing sessions

More exposure time · conditional SNR planning

Planning · model estimate

What would more exposure time bring?

Based on the actual inputs of this selected master. RGB and DNB are modelled separately.

Current relative SNR = 1.00×. This is a reference level, not a measured master SNR. There is no universal “good” SNR target: it depends on the feature, aperture or region, noise definition and intended use.

RGB

5 h 00 min · 100 selected Lights. Sub-exposures: 180 s

1.00×1.50×2.00×SNR / current SNR · conditional modelNow0.0 h5.0 h10.0 h15.0 hAdditional integration · same mode

One more comparable hour: about 9.5% higher SNR relative to now. Each following hour adds less relative benefit; it does not become useless.

Examples, not recommended thresholds
Relative SNR goalAdditional timeTotal time
1.25×2 h 48 min 45 s7 h 48 min 45 s
1.50×6 h 15 min11 h 15 min
2.00×15 h 00 min20 h 00 min

Detail visibility is not angular resolution. More integration can reveal fainter structures. Seeing, optics, sampling, focus and guiding limit sharpness; this curve does not predict smaller or rounder stars.

Model assumptions and exact scope

Same target region, filter, camera, sub-exposure mix, throughput and sky conditions; independent random noise and comparable stacking weights. Fixed-pattern noise, calibration errors, gradients, correlated noise, changing conditions and rejected data can reduce the realised gain. Total exposure is not an effective per-pixel weight or an HDR-core coverage map.

Relative SNR = √((current time + additional time) / current time). Required extra time = current time × (goal² − 1). No numerical floor or absolute master SNR has been fitted; no per-frame star-SNR median is substituted.

Time means usable integration in the stack, excluding overheads, rejected frames and nights with unsuitable conditions. The curve is a planning scenario, not a measured progress history.

Signal and noise · Siril documentation

Explore stars in the image

Image geometry is not sufficiently verified, or the exact catalogue is not yet saved.

Science & measurements

Experimental photometry · no confirmed transit. 0 unresolved technical review items.

Histograms, light curves & event evidence

Intensity histograms

RGB · 100/100 original exposures measured.

RGB · Raw pixel values

ADU · decoded digital value · Pixel count per bin; not a wavelength spectrum.

-0.56.554e+045.448e+08BG1G2R

All saved bins, including negative values.

Exact counts and measured valuesWerte und Darstellungsbins · Complete unchanged bins (NPZ)

Current display image

8-bit display values · nonlinear · Pixel count per bin; not a wavelength spectrum.

-0.5255.51.178e+06BGR

All saved bins, including negative values.

Exact counts and measured valuesWerte und Darstellungsbins · Complete unchanged bins (NPZ)

Events · technical review

Not measured

0 unresolved technical review items · 0 Gaia IDs searched · 0 tested windows. Windows are not independent events.

No confirmed transit. Short artifact clusters and time-correlated errors can pass this screening. Real periodic search: insufficient coverage; no globally calibrated false-alarm probability is available.

Saved event evidenceTest windows, supporting exposures and limitations
Photometry precision and sampling · experimental

Photometry & transit readiness

Not measured for this scope. Use the manual Review → Measure action once native exposures, calibration and geometry are qualified.

Comparison-star evidence · experimental
Appendix · measurement methods & observing conditions
Observing nights and Moon

RGB

2026-11-07 00:01:23 CET (UTC+0100) → 2026-11-07 05:43:43 CET (UTC+0100)

5.1% Moon illumination · saved calculation

Altitude -20.0°Target separation —

Mitte des Aufnahmezeitraums

Original saved observation note

Time assumption: DATE-OBS interpreted as UTC because TIMESYS is missing. Astronomical context is provisional.

Original saved observation note

Moon altitude is approximate; local Earth-orientation data may be incomplete.

Original saved observation note

Geometric Moon altitude, without terrain or refraction; site elevation assumed to be 0 m.

Saved time assumptions are unchanged. Site and weather are shown on the session pages.

Explain this comparison

Comparison with your current archive: each physical observing session has equal weight. Valid per-exposure values are first averaged within each session, then the session means are averaged. Later sessions and the exposures shown here may be included. This is neither an independent test nor a formal quality grade.

Selected data use the exact input IDs of this product. RGB and DNB, methods, units, sampling and recorded acquisition settings remain separate. Unknown setup metadata do not establish physical compatibility. A few sessions form only a small descriptive reference. Missing values do not count as zero.

FWHM and star shape are saved medians of the stellar fits in each exposure; the display averages these per-exposure values. Stellar SNR is the saved median of model estimates from at least five stars per exposure. Model: source Poisson noise, background variance and uncertainty in the mean local sky. Circular aperture radius 3, sky annulus 5–7 sampling pixels, 3σ clipping. EGAIN in electrons/ADU is required. Different star selections remain a limitation even within the same field.

Background and scatter are raw green-grid ADU under compatible acquisition conditions. Field emission, gradients and stellar populations limit comparison. These are not measurements of pure seeing, nebular SNR or transit sensitivity. The previous grading rule requiring eight other nights has not changed.

RGB · Background: 100/100 valid selected exposures; archive 100/100 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Stellar SNR: 100/100 valid selected exposures; archive 100/100 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Star shape: 100/100 valid selected exposures; archive 100/100 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Background scatter: 100/100 valid selected exposures; archive 100/100 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

RGB · Star width (FWHM): 100/100 valid selected exposures; archive 100/100 frames, 1 Sessions. Unknown properties: device_id, readout_mode, optical_configuration, filter, execution_method_version.

Archive version ab3717b4ec376ea87d5261c94fe6dbbd42a97237e09422490b5844921d286006. This export is a frozen snapshot; it does not update without a new export.

All measurements and frozen archive comparison

Individual-frame quality review · advisory

Image-quality assistant

13 selected frames worth reviewing · 100/100 inputs have enough same-session support. All frames remain selected exactly as before.

Separate raw measurements, compared with the median of the same session and recorded setup. No overall score, automatic rejection or diagnosis.

Review suggestions · 13 frames
Saved header time / input IDMeasurementThis frameSession medianWhy review?
2026-11-07T04:03:21.074938
e2c352218622
Background scatter50.42 ADU43.15Higher saved background scatter; this is not pure detector noise.
2026-11-07T04:06:24.148184
afb7e2abb780
Background level1099 ADU946Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-11-07T04:06:24.148184
afb7e2abb780
Background scatter50.78 ADU43.15Higher saved background scatter; this is not pure detector noise.
2026-11-07T04:09:27.365456
66af34dc2d27
Background level1104 ADU946Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-11-07T04:09:27.365456
66af34dc2d27
Background scatter50.78 ADU43.15Higher saved background scatter; this is not pure detector noise.
2026-11-07T04:12:37.966905
88b33e2ba366
Background level1114 ADU946Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-11-07T04:12:37.966905
88b33e2ba366
Background scatter51.47 ADU43.15Higher saved background scatter; this is not pure detector noise.
2026-11-07T04:15:41.025760
6b5187def917
Background level1128 ADU946Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-11-07T04:15:41.025760
6b5187def917
Background scatter51.94 ADU43.15Higher saved background scatter; this is not pure detector noise.
2026-11-07T04:18:44.094967
481353af8aeb
Background level1145 ADU946Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-11-07T04:18:44.094967
481353af8aeb
Background scatter52.79 ADU43.15Higher saved background scatter; this is not pure detector noise.
2026-11-07T04:21:57.809820
563232d3af91
Background level1173 ADU946Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-11-07T04:21:57.809820
563232d3af91
Background scatter54.2 ADU43.15Higher saved background scatter; this is not pure detector noise.
2026-11-07T04:25:01.053471
bcdf0e13b428
Background level1212 ADU946Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-11-07T04:25:01.053471
bcdf0e13b428
Background scatter56.1 ADU43.15Higher saved background scatter; this is not pure detector noise.
2026-11-07T04:28:04.265443
f667a214f74d
Background level1273 ADU946Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-11-07T04:28:04.265443
f667a214f74d
Background scatter58.13 ADU43.15Higher saved background scatter; this is not pure detector noise.
2026-11-07T04:31:23.695052
5873d2de2af6
Background level1372 ADU946Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-11-07T04:31:23.695052
5873d2de2af6
Background scatter60.74 ADU43.15Higher saved background scatter; this is not pure detector noise.
2026-11-07T04:34:26.913562
19b435e1f433
Background level1517 ADU946Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-11-07T04:34:26.913562
19b435e1f433
Background scatter65.54 ADU43.15Higher saved background scatter; this is not pure detector noise.
2026-11-07T04:37:30.095275
4fb1cf68589b
Background level1749 ADU946Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-11-07T04:37:30.095275
4fb1cf68589b
Background scatter74.18 ADU43.15Higher saved background scatter; this is not pure detector noise.
2026-11-07T04:40:43.558076
d53d1d365f64
Background level2128 ADU946Different background level; sky, gradients and real field emission can all contribute.
2026-11-07T04:40:43.558076
d53d1d365f64
Background scatter84.2 ADU43.15Higher saved background scatter; this is not pure detector noise.
Method, coverage and limitations

Review distance = (value − session median) / (1.4826 × MAD). The threshold 3.5 is an advisory rule, not statistical significance. At least 12 valid frames and 75% coverage are required; zero MAD is unavailable. SNR requires the existing gain and star-count checks. Background changes are flagged in either direction.

Shared tracking/focus problems can affect an entire night without producing an outlier. No independent validation labels exist yet. Raw-green sampling and changing star populations limit interpretation. RGB/DNB, exposure, method and recorded orientation remain separate; unknown metadata do not establish compatibility.

RGB · 180.0 s · session acq_c5664bad: Background level 100/100; Background scatter 100/100; Detected sources 0/100: too few valid session frames; Star eccentricity 100/100; Star width (FWHM) 100/100; Stellar SNR estimate 100/100. Unknown: device_id, filter, optical_configuration, readout_mode, recorded_orientation_deg.

Method session-quality-assistant-1. Saved measurements and existing archive comparisons are unchanged.